N.D.R.Crim.P.
RULE 32. SENTENCE SENTENCING AND
JUDGMENT
(a) Sentence.
(1) Imposition of sentence Time of Sentencing.
Sentence The court must be imposed
impose sentence or other authorized disposition made without
unreasonable unnecessary
delay. Until disposition, the court may continue or alter bail or require the defendant to be
held without bail.
(2) Presentence Requirements. Before imposing sentence, the court
shall must:
(A) determine whether the defendant and the defendant's counsel had an
opportunity to
read and discuss the presentence investigation report, if made available under
subparagraph
Rule 32 (c)(4)(A B), or a summary made available
under subparagraph Rule 32 (c)(4)(C D);
(B) give counsel an opportunity to speak on behalf of the defendant; and
(C) determine whether the defendant wishes to make a statement in
on the defendant's own
behalf or wishes to present information in mitigation of punishment or information
which
that would require the court to withhold pronouncement of judgment
and sentence.
The court must give the prosecution must be given an
opportunity to be heard on any matter
material to the imposition of sentence.
(2) Notification of Right to Appeal. After imposing sentence in a case that has gone to trial,
the court must advise the defendant of the defendant's right to appeal and of the right of a
person who is unable to pay the costs of an appeal to apply for appointment of counsel for
purposes of appeal. The court is under no duty to advise the defendant of any right of appeal
after when sentence is imposed following a plea of guilty.
(b) Judgment. A judgment of conviction must include the plea, the verdict, and the sentence
imposed. If the defendant is found not guilty or for any reason is entitled to be discharged,
the court must enter judgment must be entered accordingly. The
judge shall sign and the
clerk shall enter the judgment must be signed by the judge and entered by the
clerk.
(c) Presentence Investigation.
(1) When Made. The court may order a presentence investigation and report at any time.
Except with the written consent of when the defendant consents in
writing, the report may
not be submitted to the court or its contents disclosed unless the defendant has pleaded guilty
or has been found guilty.
(2) Presence of Counsel. The defendant's counsel is entitled to notice and a reasonable opportunity to attend any interview of the defendant conducted by parole and probation staff in the course of a presentence investigation.
(3) Report.
(A) Contents of Report. The presentence report may contain any
the defendant's previous
criminal record of the defendant and information about the defendant's
characteristics,
including:
(i) family, educational, and social history, ;
(ii) employment history and financial condition, ;
(iii) circumstances affecting the defendant's behavior which
that may be helpful in
imposing sentence or in the correctional treatment of the defendant, ;
and
(iv) any information required by the court.
(B) Information Excluded from Report. The following types of information may not be included in a presentence report, but may be submitted to the court as an addendum to the report:
(i) any diagnostic or prognostic opinion that, if disclosed, might seriously disrupt a program of rehabilitation;
(ii) information or sources of information obtained confidentially, but subject to disclosure
by the court as provided in subdivision Rule 32 (c)(4)(A);
(iii) any sentence recommendation by parole and probation staff or the victim;
(iv) any victim impact statement; or
(v) any other information, including medical, psychiatric, or psychological information, information relating to the victim or victims, and other matters the court may consider confidential, that if disclosed, might result in harm, physical or otherwise, to the defendant, to a victim, or to other persons.
(4) Disclosure of Presentence Report.
(A) Confidentiality. The presentence report and any addendum are
confidential. Neither
the public nor the parties and may not be read or
copied by the public, or the parties copy the
presentence report or any addendum, unless the court, in its discretion, gives
permission
permitted by the court in its discretion.
(B) Disclosure to Defendant. If the court allows the defendant to examine any part of
the
presentence report or any addendum, this disclosure must be made at least 10 days before
sentence is imposed, unless the defendant waives the 10-day requirement. The court must
provide the defendant and the defendant's counsel a copy of the disclosed material and give
them an opportunity to comment. The court may allow the defendant and the defendant's
counsel to introduce testimony or other information relating to any alleged factual
inaccuracy in the disclosed material. Any material disclosed to the defendant and the
defendant's counsel must also be disclosed to the prosecuting attorney. If the court
is of the
opinion the presentence report or any addendum contains information that would be harmful
to the defendant or other persons if disclosed, the court may not allow the public or the
parties to read or copy that portion of the report or the addendum.
(C) Disclosure to Attorney General. Notwithstanding these confidentiality
provisions, The
court may disclose the presentence report and any addendum may be
disclosed to the
Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee only for purposes of the individual risk
assessment required by subsections 12 and 13 of N.D.C.C. § 12.1-32-15
(12) and (13).
A presentence report and addendum disclosed to the Attorney General or the Attorney
General's designee must remain confidential and may not be read or copied by anyone
else
other than except as provided in this
subdivision allowed by Rule 32(c) or by applicable
federal law.
(B) Any disclosure to the defendant of the presentence report and any addendum,
or any
part thereof, must occur at least 10 days before sentence is imposed unless this minimum
period is waived by the defendant. Any disclosure to the defendant must be made by
providing the defendant and the defendant's counsel with a copy of the material to be
disclosed. The defendant and the defendant's counsel must be given an opportunity to
comment on the disclosed material, and in the discretion of the court, to introduce testimony
or other information relating to any alleged factual inaccuracy.
(C) (D) Harmful Information. If the court finds there is
information in the presentence
report or any addendum which that would be harmful to the defendant
or to other persons
if disclosed, the court may not permit the public or the parties to read or copy that portion
of the report or the addendum. The court must state orally or in writing a
give an oral or
written summary of the factual any non-disclosed information
to be relied it will rely on in
determining sentence, and shall must give the defendant or the
defendant's counsel an
opportunity to comment. The statement may be made court may give its
summary to the
parties in camera.
(D) Any material disclosed to the defendant and the defendant's counsel must also
be
disclosed to the prosecuting attorney.
(E) Defendant's Comments. If the comments of the defendant and the defendant's
counsel,
or testimony or other information introduced by them, allege any factual inaccuracy in
the
presentence report or any addendum, or in any of the information summarized, the court,
as
to for each matter controverted, shall make must:
(i) make a finding as to on the allegation, or
(ii) make a determination that no finding is necessary because the matter controverted will not be taken into account in sentencing.
A written record of those the court's findings and determinations
must be appended to and
accompany any copy of the presentence report later made available to the State Parole
Board
parole board or to the pardon clerk.
(d) Plea withdrawal.
(1) In General. The court must allow the defendant to withdraw a plea of guilty whenever the defendant, on a timely motion for withdrawal, proves withdrawal is necessary to correct a manifest injustice.
(2) Timeliness. A motion for withdrawal is timely if made with due diligence, considering the nature of the allegations, and is not necessarily barred because made subsequent to judgment or sentence.
(3) Court's Discretion. If the defendant does not show In the
absence of a showing that
withdrawal is necessary to correct a manifest injustice, a the defendant
may not withdraw
a plea of guilty as a matter of right once the court has accepted the plea has
been accepted
by the court. Before sentence, the court in its discretion may allow the defendant to
withdraw
a plea for any fair and just reason unless the prosecution has been substantially prejudiced
by reliance upon on the defendant's plea.
(e) Probation. After conviction of an offense, the defendant may be placed on probation as provided by law.
(f) Revocation of Probation Where Court Retains Jurisdiction Under Law.
(1) Taking into Custody. On If there is probable cause to believe
a probationer has violated
a condition of probation, any state parole and probation officer, or any peace officer
directed
by a state parole and probation officer or directed by an order of the court having jurisdiction
may take the probationer into custody and bring the probationer before the court that
originally placed the probationer on probation for may conduct a
hearing on the alleged
violation. Any state parole and probation officer, or any peace officer directed by a state
parole and probation officer or directed by an order of the court having jurisdiction may take
the probationer into custody and bring the probationer before the court. Costs incurred in
bringing the probationer before the court must be borne by the county in which the probation
was granted. The probationer may be admitted to bail pending the hearing.
(2) Transfer. If the probationer does not contest the violation, the hearing may be transferred, under the procedure set out in Rule 20, to the county where the probationer is arrested, held or present. This procedure is available only upon the consent of the court that placed the probationer on probation.
(2) (3) Hearing.
(A) In General. The hearing must be in open court with:
(A i) the probationer present,;
(B ii) a prior written notice of the alleged violation given to the
probationer,; and
(Ciii) representation by retained or appointed counsel unless
waived.
(B) Resolution. If the probationer contests the violation is
contested, the prosecution must
establish the violation by a preponderance of the evidence. After the hearing, and
subject to
limitations imposed by law, the court may:
(i) revoke an order suspending a sentence or an order suspending the imposition of
sentence,; or
(ii) continue probation on the same or different conditions, as the
circumstances warrant.
A record of the proceedings must be made.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Rule 32 was amended, effective January 1, 1980; March 1, 1986; March 1, 1990; March 1, 1992, on an emergency basis; July 14, 1993; March 1, 1999; October 31, 2001, on an emergency basis; April 1, 2002; _________________.
Rule 32 was amended, effective ______________, in response to the December 1, 2002, revision of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The language and organization of the rule were changed to make the rule more easily understood and to make style and terminology consistent throughout the rules.
Rule 32 Paragraph (c)(4) was amended, effective March 1, 1999,
to address allow the court
to decide, in its discretion, whether a presentence investigation report and any addendum
may be inspected by the public or the parties.
When conducting a presentence investigation, parole Parole and
probation staff conducting
a presentence investigation must be mindful they cannot make a binding promise of
complete confidentiality as to regarding information included in the
addendum to a
presentence report. Under paragraph (c)(4), The the promise
of confidentiality is subject to
the court's discretion to allow the parties to inspect the addendum.
Subdivision (b) follows Fed.R.Civ.P. 32(d); but the words "or findings" are omitted
from
the first sentence as unnecessary. N.D.C.C. § 1-01-41 includes in the definition of
"verdict," findings of fact by the judge.
Paragraph (c)(4) was amended, effective October 31, 2001, to allow disclosure of the presentence report and any addendum to the Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee to enable the Attorney General to comply with subsections 12 and 13 of N.D.C.C. § 12.1-32-15. Disclosure to the Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee must comply with all applicable state and federal statutes, rules and regulations governing drug and alcohol records and private medical information.
Subdivision (d) is adapted from A.B.A. Standards for Criminal Justice, Standards Relating to Pleas of Guilty, §§ 2.1(a), 2.1(a)(i) and 2.1(b). (Approved Draft, 1968).
Subdivision Paragraph (f)(1) is adapted from and supersedes
N.D.C.C. § 12-53-15.
Paragraph (f)(2) was added, effective ___________, to allow transfer of a revocation hearing to the county where the probationer is present. Rule 20 (Transfer from the County for Plea and Sentence) sets out the procedure for obtaining a transfer.
Subdivision Paragraph (f)(2) (3) is
adapted in part from the A.B.A. Standards for Criminal
Justice, Standards Relating to Probation, § 5.4 at 65 (Approved Draft, 1970).
SOURCES: Joint Procedure Committee Minutes of April 28-29, 2005, pages 3-5; January 27-28, 2005, pages 28-29; January 24-25, 2002, pages 9-14; January 29-30, 1998, pages 10-11; September 25-26, 1997, pages 3-6; January 30, 1997, pages 2-6; September 26-27, 1996, pages 6-8; April 25, 1996, pages 16-18; November 7-8, 1991, page 4; October 25-26, 1990, pages 15-16; April 20, 1989, page 4; December 3, 1987, page 15; November 29, 1984, pages 15-18; April 26, 1984, page 6; December 7-8, 1978, pages 15-23; October 12-13, 1978, pages 10-14; December 11-15, 1972, pages 5-16; November 20-21, 1969, pages 5-6; May 15-16, 1969, pages 1-2; February 20-21, 1969, pages 5-14; Fed.R.Crim.P. 32.
STATUTES AFFECTED:
SUPERSEDED: N.D.C.C. §§ 12-53-15, 29-14-22, 29-26-01, 29-26-02, 29-26-15, 29-26-19, 33-12-26, 33-12-27, 33-12-29.
CONSIDERED: N.D.C.C. §§ 1-01-41, 12-53-03, 12-53-04, 12-53-05, 12-53-06, 12-53-10, 12-53-11, 12-53-12, 12-53-13, 12-53-14, 12-53-17, 12-53-20, 12-55-30, 29-26-03, 29-26-11, 29-26-12, 29-26-13, 29-26-14, 29-26-16, 29-26-17, 29-26-18, 29-26-20, 29-26-23, 33-12-28.
CROSS REFERENCES: N.D.R.Crim.P. 20 (Transfer from the County for Plea and Sentence); N.D.C.C. § 12.1-32-15.