N.D.R.Crim.P.
RULE 5. INITIAL APPEARANCE BEFORE THE MAGISTRATE
(a) General.
(1) Appearance Upon an Arrest. An officer or other person making an arrest
shall must
take the arrested person without unnecessary delay before the nearest available magistrate.
(2) Arrest Without a Warrant. If an arrest is made without a warrant, the
magistrate shall
must promptly determine whether probable cause exists under Rule 4(a). If probable
cause
exists to believe that the arrested person has committed a criminal offense, a complaint must
be filed forthwith in the county where the offense was allegedly committed. A
copy of the
complaint must be given within a reasonable time to the arrested person and to any
magistrate before whom he the arrested person is brought, if other than
the magistrate with
whom the complaint is filed.
(b) Statement by the Magistrate at the Initial Appearance.
(1) In All Cases. The magistrate shall must inform the defendant
of the following:
(iA) Of the charge against the defendant and
any accompanying affidavit;
(iiB) Of the defendant's right to remain silent;
that any statement made by the defendant
may later be used against the defendant;
(iiiC) Of the defendant's right to the assistance
of counsel before making any statement or
answering any questions;
(ivD) Of the defendant's right to be represented
by counsel at each and every stage of the
proceedings;
(vE) That that if the offense charged is
one for which court-appointed counsel is required,
the defendant has the right to have legal services provided at public expense to the extent
that the defendant is unable to pay for the defendant's own defense without undue hardship;
and
(viF) That that the defendant has the
right to be admitted to bail pursuant to the provisions
of under Rule 46.
(2) Felonies. If the offense defendant is charged
is with a felony, the magistrate shall must
inform the defendant also of the defendant's right to a preliminary examination,
and the
defendant's right to the assistance of counsel at the preliminary examination.
(3) Misdemeanors. If the offense defendant is charged
is with a misdemeanor, the
magistrate shall must inform the defendant also of the defendant's
right to trial by jury in all
cases as provided by law, and of the defendant's right to appear and defend in
person or by
counsel.
(c) Right to Preliminary Examination.
(1) Waiver.
(A) If the offense charged is a felony, the defendant has the right to a preliminary
examination. The defendant may waive the right to preliminary examination at the initial
appearance if assisted by counsel. If the defendant does not waive preliminary
examination,
the defendant may not be called upon to plead to a felony offense at the initial
appearance.
(B) If the defendant is assisted by counsel and waives preliminary examination, and the magistrate is a judge of the district court, the defendant may be permitted to plead to the offense charged in the complaint at the initial appearance.
(C) If the defendant waives preliminary examination and does not plead at the initial appearance, an arraignment must be scheduled.
(D) The magistrate shall must admit the defendant to
bail pursuant to under the provisions
of Rule 46.
(2) Non-waiver. If the defendant does not waive preliminary examination, the
defendant
may not be called upon to plead to a felony offense at the initial appearance.
a A magistrate
of the county in which the offense was allegedly committed shall must
conduct the
preliminary examination. The magistrate shall must admit the
defendant to bail pursuant to
under the provisions of Rule 46.
(d) Interactive television may be used to conduct an appearance under this rule if the defendant does not object.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Rule 5 was amended effective March 1, 1990, January 1, 1995, _____________.
Rule 5 is adapted derived from the proposed amendment
to Fed.R.Crim.P. 5 [48 F.R.D.
580, January, 1970] Fed.R.Crim.P. 5. Rule 5 is procedurally
designed to advise the
defendant of the charge against the defendant and to inform the defendant of the defendant's
rights. This procedure differs from the arraignment [see N.D.R.Crim.P.
10] under Rule 10
in that the defendant is not called upon to plead.
Subdivision (a) provides that an arrested person must be taken before the magistrate
"without unnecessary delay". Unnecessary delay in bringing a person before a magistrate is
one factor in the totality of circumstances to be considered in determining whether
incriminating evidence obtained from the accused was given voluntarily. State v.
Newnam,
409 N.W.2d 79, 85 (N.D. 1987).
Subdivision (a) was amended, effective January 1, 1995, to clarify that a "prompt" judicial
determination of probable cause is required in warrantless arrest cases. See Gerstein v.
Pugh,
420 U.S. 103, 43 L.Ed.2d 54, 95 S.Ct. 854 (1975). County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 500
U.S. 1, 111 S.Ct. 1661, 114 L.Ed.2d 49 (1991) defines "prompt."
Subdivision (b) is designed to carry into effect the holding of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S.
436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, 10 A.L.R.3d 974, rehearing denied sub nom.,
California
v. Stewart, 385 U.S. 890, 87 S.Ct. 11, 17 L.Ed.2d 121 (1966). Because the Miranda rule
is
constitutionally based, it applies to all officers whether State state or
Federal federal. One
should note that the protections required by Miranda apply as soon as a person "has been
taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way,"
while the requirement that an accused be taken before a magistrate is applicable only to an
"arrested person." The Miranda decision is based upon the Fifth Amendment privilege
against self-incrimination, and holds that no statement obtained by interrogation of a person
in custody is admissible, unless, before the interrogation begins, the accused has been
effectively warned of the accused's rights, including the right not to answer questions and
the right to have counsel present. [See Wright, Federal Practice and Procedure:
Criminal 76-77 (1982).]
Subdivision (b) specifies the action which must be taken by the magistrate.
Subsections
(b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), and (b)(1)(iii) Subparagraphs (b)(1)(A), (b)(1)(B), and
(b)(1)(C) are
stated by Miranda to be absolute prerequisites to interrogation and cannot be dispensed with
on even the strongest showing that the person in custody was aware of those rights. [See
Miranda v. Arizona, supra, 384 U.S. at 468-472.]
Subsection Paragraph (b)(2) provides an additional requirement
to the instructions given
by the magistrate in Subsection Paragraph (b)(1) when the charge is a
felony. It requires the
magistrate to inform the defendant of the right to a preliminary examination. The Sixth
Amendment right to counsel applies to a preliminary examination granted under state law
if because the preliminary examination is a critical stage of the state's
criminal process.
Coleman v. Alabama, 339 U.S. 1, 90 S.Ct. 1999, 26 L.Ed.2d 387 (1970); State v.
Iverson,
187 N.W.2d 1, 34 (N.D. 1971).
Subdivisions (b) and (c) were amended, effective March 1, 1990. The amendments track
the 1987 Federal amendments to Rule Fed.R.Crim.P.
5, which are technical in nature, and
no substantive change is intended.
Subdivision (c) was amended, effective January 1, 1995, in response to elimination of county courts and to ensure that a defendant is not called upon to waive the preliminary examination or to plead without the assistance of counsel at the initial appearance.
Subdivision (d) was amended, effective March, 1, 2004, to permit the use of interactive television to conduct initial proceedings if the defendant consents.
Rule 5 was amended, effective ______________, in response to the December 1, 2002, revision of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The language and organization of the rule were changed to make the rule more easily understood and to make style and terminology consistent throughout the rules.
SOURCES: Joint Procedure Committee Minutes of January 29-30, 2004, pages 22-23; September 26-27, 2002, pages 12-13; January 27-28, 1994, pages 3-5; September 23-24, 1993, pages 4-7; April 20, 1989, page 4; December 3, 1987, page 15; February 22-23, 1973, page 18; March 23-24, 1972, pages 2-3, 11-12; January 27, 1972, pages 17-22; November 21-22, 1969, pages 2, 8-9, 17-19; May 3-4, 1968, pages 1-2; January 26-27, 1968, pages 7-9.
STATUTES AFFECTED:
SUPERSEDED: N.D.C.C. §§ 29-05-04, 9-05-11, 29-05-17, 29-05-19, 29-07-01, 29-07-02, 29-07-04, 29-07-05, 29-07-07, 29-07-08, 29-07-09, 29-07-10, 33-12-07, 33-12-09
CONSIDERED: N.D.C.C. §§ 29-07-03, 29-07-06, 40-18-15, 40-18-16, 40-18-18.
CROSS REFERENCES: N.D.R.Crim.P. 5.1 (Preliminary Examination); N.D.R.Crim.P. 10 (Arraignment); N.D.R.Crim.P. 35 (Correction or Reduction of Sentence); N.D.R.Crim.P. 42 (Presence of the Defendant); N.D.R.Crim.P. 44 (Right to and Assignment of Counsel).