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Mosser, et al. v. Denbury Resources, Inc., et al. 2017 ND 169
Docket No.: 20160379
Filing Date: 7/12/2017
Case Type: Certified Question - Civil - Civil
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Absent a prior conveyance of pore space to a third party, the owner of a surface estate owns the pore space beneath the surface.
A surface owner may recover damages from a mineral developer for the developer's use of pore space for saltwater disposal.

State v. Glick 2017 ND 168
Docket No.: 20160439
Filing Date: 7/12/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Motions for mistrial fall within the broad discretion of the district court and will not be reversed on appeal absent a showing that the court abused its discretion or that a manifest injustice would occur.

Denault v. State 2017 ND 167
Docket No.: 20160294
Filing Date: 7/12/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Declaratory judgment actions are reviewed under the same standards as other cases.
The district court's decision whether to grant or deny a request for a declaratory judgment is discretionary and will not be set aside on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.

Interest of M.M.C. (CONFIDENTIAL)(consolidated w/20170209-20170211 & 20170217-20 2017 ND 166
Docket No.: 20170208
Filing Date: 7/12/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district judge's order affirming a juvenile court referee's findings of fact and order terminating parental rights, and adopting the referee's order is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Watkins 2017 ND 165
Docket No.: 20160392
Filing Date: 7/12/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: When a district court error has been waived or invited in a criminal case, the obvious error analysis under N.D.R.Crim.P. 52(b) does not apply.

Interest of A.F.L. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2017 ND 164
Docket No.: 20170203
Filing Date: 7/12/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court's order terminating a father's parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Abell v. GADECO, LLC 2017 ND 163
Docket No.: 20160346
Filing Date: 7/6/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Drilling operations commence when (1) work is done preparatory to drilling, (2) the driller has the capability to do the actual drilling, and (3) there is a good faith intent to complete the well. It is not necessary that the drill bit actually penetrate the ground.

Estate of Johnson (cross ref w/20140173 & 20160020) 2017 ND 162
Docket No.: 20160374
Filing Date: 7/6/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Under the law of the case doctrine, a party cannot on a second appeal relitigate issues which were resolved by the Supreme Court in the first appeal or which would have been resolved had they been properly presented in the first appeal.
Payment of personal representative and attorney's fees are reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard.

Disciplinary Board v. Foster (Consolidated w/20170151) 2017 ND 161
Docket No.: 20170150
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer Disbarred.

State v. Hutchinson (consolidated w/20170002) 2017 ND 160
Docket No.: 20170001
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: An order denying the State's motion for correction of an illegal sentence under Rule 35(a), N.D.R.Crim.P., is appealable under N.D.C.C. § 29-28-01(4), as it affects a substantial right.
The term "illegal sentence" as used in Rule 35(a)(1), N.D.R.Crim.P., applies to a sentence that the judgment of conviction does not authorize.
A district court's decision on a motion to correct an illegal sentence is subject to review for abuse of discretion.

Spirit Property Management v. Vondell, et al. 2017 ND 158
Docket No.: 20160247
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Landlord/Tenant
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Eviction actions are designed as summary proceedings.
In an eviction action, the defendant may show the character of the possessory rights claimed by the parties, but the right to the possession of the real estate is the only fact that can be rightfully litigated unless damages or rent is claimed.
A district court must have both subject matter and personal jurisdiction to enter a valid order or judgment.

State v. Bell 2017 ND 157
Docket No.: 20170046
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A defendant's Fourth Amendment rights were not violated because the defendant was not detained.
We refuse to assume a defendant felt he or she was not free to leave after law enforcement complete a traffic stop.

State v. Hedstrom 2017 ND 156
Docket No.: 20170006
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Whether a private individual acted either as an agent of the government or with the participation or knowledge of any governmental official turns on whether the government official directly or indirectly supervised or encouraged the search.
The primary rationale for the restriction on nighttime search warrants is to prevent individuals in the home from being subjected to the trauma of a nighttime search.

Peterson v. Schulz 2017 ND 155
Docket No.: 20160377
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Most non-appealable intermediate orders may be reviewed on appeal from a final judgment. In domestic relations cases, the requirements of N.D.R.Ct. 8.2 must be complied with before a party's request for affirmative relief may be granted in an ex parte interim order. Attorney's fees may be awarded as a remedial sanction for contempt.

State v. Froelich 2017 ND 154
Docket No.: 20160349
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Under Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004), the admission of out-of-court testimonial statements in criminal cases is precluded, unless the witness is unavailable to testify and the accused has had an opportunity to cross-examine the declarant.
The Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause does not require exclusion of nontestimonial statements.
Under Davis v. Washington, 547 U.S. 813 (2006), statements are nontestimonial when made in the course of interrogation under circumstances which objectively indicate the interrogation's primary purpose is to enable police assistance to meet an ongoing emergency.

Interest of Tanner (cross-reference 20120084) 2017 ND 153
Docket No.: 20160231
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: When a person committed as a sexually dangerous individual petitions for discharge, the State has the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the committed individual remains a sexually dangerous individual.
Expert testimony in sexually dangerous individual proceedings will not be reweighed on appeal, and a choice between two permissible views of the weight of the evidence is not clearly erroneous.

Brown v. WSI 2017 ND 151
Docket No.: 20170083
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment affirming a decision of Workforce Safety and Insurance to terminate disability and vocational rehabilitation benefits and require repayment of $2,558.57 in benefits is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5).

Jasmann v. State 2017 ND 150
Docket No.: 20160396
Filing Date: 6/29/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2), (7).

Disciplinary Board v. Matson (cons. w/ 20170102-20170121) 2017 ND 149
Docket No.: 20170101
Filing Date: 6/19/2017
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer disbarred.

Statoil Oil & Gas, LP v. Abaco Energy, LLC, et al. (Consolidated w/20160262) 2017 ND 148
Docket No.: 20160261
Filing Date: 6/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court's decision on a motion to dismiss for failure to join an indispensable party is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.

State v. Cody 2017 ND 147
Docket No.: 20160357
Filing Date: 6/15/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: When an ineffective assistance of counsel claim is raised on direct appeal from a criminal conviction, the defendant must show ineffectiveness of constitutional dimensions from the face of the existing record to obtain relief.

Cartwright, et al. v. Tong, M.D., et al. 2017 ND 146
Docket No.: 20160293
Filing Date: 6/14/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Malpractice
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A prima facie case of medical negligence requires expert evidence establishing the applicable standard of care, violation of that standard, and a causal relationship between the violation and the harm complained of.
Under the "obvious occurrence" exception, the occurrence leading to the result must be obvious, not the result itself.
In a lack of informed consent case, expert medical testimony is generally necessary to identify the risks of treatment, their gravity, likelihood of occurrence, and reasonable alternatives.
Under N.D.C.C. § 28-01-46, the plain, ordinary and commonly understood meaning of the phrase "wrong organ" requires a doctor to perform a procedure on the incorrect organ. The "wrong organ" exception does not apply to performing an allegedly incorrect procedure on the correct organ.

Huebner, et al. v. Furlinger, et al. (cross-reference w/20150169) 2017 ND 145
Docket No.: 20160269
Filing Date: 6/8/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Under the abandoned mineral statutes, the surface owner must mail a copy of the notice of lapse to the mineral interest owner's address if the mineral interest owner's address is shown of record.

Interest of R.W.B.C. 2017 ND 144
Docket No.: 20160300
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The clearly erroneous standard of review does not permit a reweighing of evidence or reassessment of credibility.

State v. Bailey 2017 ND 143
Docket No.: 20160351
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: In determining "corroborating circumstances" under N.D.R.Ev. 804(b)(3), the district court may analyze both the credibility of the in-court witness and the reliability of the out-of-court declarant.
A district court's analysis of whether "corroborating circumstances" indicate the trustworthiness of the statement is a preliminary determination regarding the admissibility of the evidence.

State v. Wilkie 2017 ND 142
Docket No.: 20160401
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Police officers outside of their jurisdiction generally act without official capacity and authority to arrest.
A University of North Dakota police officer has the authority to initiate a traffic stop of a driver operating a motor vehicle on university property.

State v. Phelps 2017 ND 141
Docket No.: 20160196
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: To justify stopping a moving vehicle for investigation, a law enforcement officer must have a reasonable and articulable suspicion a motorist has violated or is violating the law.
During an investigatory stop of a vehicle, a traffic violator can be temporarily detained until the legitimate investigative purposes of the traffic stop have been completed.

SNAPS Holding Company v. Leach, et al. 2017 ND 140
Docket No.: 20160313
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: An indemnification agreement need not be in writing, and an agent's authority to enter into an indemnification agreement need not be in writing.
Res judicata prevents the relitigation of claims that were raised, or could have been raised, in prior actions between the same parties. Res judicata does not apply if the subsequent claims are based on different underlying facts.

State v. Turbeville 2017 ND 139
Docket No.: 20160333
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: At a preliminary hearing in a criminal case, the State is not required to prove with absolute certainty or beyond a reasonable doubt that a crime occurred, but need only produce sufficient evidence to establish probable cause that a crime occurred and that the defendant committed it.
Whether the district court's findings of fact reach the level of probable cause is a question of law, fully reviewable on appeal.
The preliminary hearing is a tool to ferret out groundless and improvident prosecutions.

Rath v. Rath (cross ref w/ 20130025, 20130184, 20130327, 20140012, 20140291, 2017 ND 138
Docket No.: 20160338
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A party is not entitled to demand a change of judge if the judge sought to be disqualified has ruled upon a matter pertaining to the action.
A request to amend the child support guidelines should be made to the Legislature or Department of Human Services.

Matter of L.Z.N. 2017 ND 137
Docket No.: 20160373
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: It was proper for the district court to look at the social stigma associated with sex offenders in determining the best interest of a child in a name change petition.
Due process only requires the district court to give a prisoner an avenue to appear for the proceeding; it has no duty to ensure the prisoner's presence.

Thompson v. Lithia ND Acquisition Corp. #1 2017 ND 136
Docket No.: 20160280
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The Federal Arbitration Act does not preempt all state arbitration law. A party alleging an arbitration agreement is unconscionable must demonstrate some quantum of both procedural and substantive unconscionability.
A party's failure to clearly object to a defect in arbitration proceedings prior to or during arbitration may constitute a waiver of the objection.

City of Grand Forks v. Reilly 2017 ND 135
Docket No.: 20160323
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Not all communications between law enforcement and citizens implicate the Fourth Amendment.
A seizure occurs when an officer, by means of physical force or show of authority, has in some way restrained the liberty of a citizen.
An officer running to get ahead of a person, without any threatening or coercive conduct, does not constitute a show of authority escalating a casual encounter into a seizure.
The presence of two officers, in and of itself, does not constitute a show of authority escalating a casual encounter into a seizure.

State v. Shick 2017 ND 134
Docket No.: 20160298
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: When a party objects to the State's admission of evidence with a pretrial motion in limine, the party must renew their objection at trial in order to give the district court an opportunity to rule on the issue in the trial context. A party's failure to renew their objection at trial acts as a waiver of the claim of error.
The district court may permit the State to amend an information at any time before the verdict or finding unless an additional or different offense is charged or a substantial right of the defendant is prejudiced.

Marman v. Levi 2017 ND 133
Docket No.: 20160217
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The odor of an alcoholic beverage, poor balance, and open containers of alcohol may permit an officer to reasonably formulate an opinion the body of a driver in a single-car crash contains alcohol.

Hageness, et al. v. Davis, et al. 2017 ND 132
Docket No.: 20160167
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A party is barred from bringing an action for the recovery or possession of real property, unless the party was seized or possessed of the property within twenty years before bringing the action.
The statutory twenty-year period is measured back from the commencement of the action.

State v. Raphael 2017 ND 131
Docket No.: 20160447
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for possession of a controlled substance is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Junas v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2017 ND 130
Docket No.: 20160440
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Suspension of driving privileges summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5) and (7), Beylund v. Levi, 2017 ND 30, 889 N.W.2d 907, and Barrios-Flores v. Levi, 2017 ND 117.

State v. Smith 2017 ND 129
Docket No.: 20170022
Filing Date: 6/7/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment entered after district court found a defendant guilty of aggravated assault - domestic violence is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.p. 35.1(a)(3).

Rath v. Rath (cross ref w/ 20130025, 20130184, 20130327, 20140012, 20140291, 2017 ND 128
Docket No.: 20160222
Filing Date: 5/19/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Although reviewable on appeal from a final judgment, orders denying demands for change of judge are interlocutory and not appealable.
A district court's contempt decision will only be disturbed on appeal if the court abused its discretion.
A denial of a motion for reconsideration will not be reversed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion.<Br>

Sorenson, et al. v. Bakken Investments, LLC, et al. 2017 ND 127
Docket No.: 20160319
Filing Date: 5/18/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Only a person having an interest in, or claiming an interest in, real property may challenge a court's rulings in a quiet title action.

State v. Ayala 2017 ND 126
Docket No.: 20160369
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Section 39-20-01, N.D.C.C., requires law enforcement officers to convey the implied-consent advisory in an objectively reasonable way calculated to be comprehensible to the driver.

Johnson v. Johnson 2017 ND 125
Docket No.: 20170010
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A party cannot rely on the other party's request for an oral argument to guarantee himself or herself an oral argument.
In allotting the tax exemptions of children to the parties it may be prudent to place the exemptions in the hands of the party who will benefit most, but the district court is not required to do so.

State v. Hall 2017 ND 124
Docket No.: 20160240
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A four-factor balancing test is used to evaluate the validity of a speedy trial claim: length of the delay, reason for the delay, proper assertion of the right, and actual prejudice to the accused.
A sniff by a drug detection dog is not a Fourth Amendment search.
A brief detention of luggage for purposes of conducting a dog sniff is a limited intrusion that requires only reasonable suspicion.
Whether an officer had a reasonable and articulable suspicion is a fact-specific inquiry that is evaluated under an objective standard considering the totality of the circumstances. Whether probable cause exists to issue a search warrant is a question of law, and on appeal, the sufficiency of information before the magistrate is reviewed based on the totality of the circumstances.

Interest of F.M.G. (Confidential) 2017 ND 123
Docket No.: 20170136
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Mental Health
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Section 25-03.1-18.1(1)(a), N.D.C.C., does not require both treating and non-treating physicians to testify at a medication hearing addressing a request to involuntarily treat with medication.
A party may not raise an issue or contention that was not previously raised or considered before the district court for the first time on appeal.

Allmon v. Allmon 2017 ND 122
Docket No.: 20160324
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: While a long-term marriage generally supports an equal division of property, a court may unequally divide property in a short-term marriage and award the parties what each brought into the marriage.
If the district court fails to comply with the child support guidelines in determining an obligor's child support obligation, the court errs as a matter of law.

Guardianship and Conservatorship of M.E. (cross-reference w/20150117) 2017 ND 121
Docket No.: 20160327
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Guardian/Conservator
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A party petitioning for termination of a guardianship must make a prima facie showing that the ward is no longer incapacitated, and if a prima facie case is established, the guardian has the burden to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the ward remains an incapacitated person.

Cossette, et al. v. Cass County Joint Water Resource District 2017 ND 120
Docket No.: 20160311
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: An action for equitable relief generally cannot be combined with a statutory appeal seeking a review of a local governing body's decision.
An aggrieved party is one whose personal, pecuniary, or property rights have been adversely affected by a local governing body's decision.

Keller v. Keller 2017 ND 119
Docket No.: 20160334
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: If a person claims to have been engaged in constitutionally protected activity, the district court must determine the claim as a matter of law and exclude evidence of the constitutionally protected activity if found valid.
Possessing a firearm for self-defense purposes on one's private property is a constitutional right.

Kauk, et al. v. Kauk, et al. 2017 ND 118
Docket No.: 20160198
Filing Date: 5/16/2017
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A district court's grant of declaratory relief is reviewed for abuse of discretion.
In an action for declaratory relief, a district court must ensure the proper parties are before the court to prevent the declaratory relief ordered from prejudicing the rights of persons not parties to the proceedings.
A district court may refuse to enter a declaratory judgment if such judgment would not terminate the controversy giving rise to the proceeding.

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