Opinions

Haag v. Haag 2016 ND 34
Docket No.: 20150193
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A material change of circumstances is an important new fact not known at the time of the prior order establishing residential responsibility.
A party's conduct before a prior decision establishing residential responsibility may be relevant if the prior decision was based on the parties' stipulation and the court was not aware of the facts at the time of the stipulation.

Erickson v. Olsen, et al. (cross-reference w/ 20130217) 2016 ND 33
Docket No.: 20150153
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(a), a court may correct a clerical mistake or mistake arising from oversight or omission when one is found in a judgment, but may not make substantive changes in a judgment.

Estate of Vaage 2016 ND 32
Docket No.: 20150121
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Evidence justifying reformation of a written instrument must be clear, specific, and convincing.
When considering whether to reform a written instrument, a district court should exercise caution and require a high degree of proof, especially when the original parties are deceased.

State v. McClary 2016 ND 31
Docket No.: 20150218
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A motion to correct an illegal sentence brought under the Rules of Criminal Procedure or brought under the Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act should be treated as equivalent to a motion under both provisions.
Trial courts ordinarily should appoint counsel for most indigent applicants seeking postconviction relief for the first time, and only in exceptional situations should counsel not be appointed.
A district court may not delegate its sentencing authority to a probation officer or counselor.

Black Gold Oil Field Services, LLC v. City of Williston, et al. 2016 ND 30
Docket No.: 20150112
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Granting or denying a preliminary injunction is based on: (1) substantial probability of succeeding on the merits; (2) irreparable injury; (3) harm to other interested parties; and (4) effect on the public interest.
An injunction cannot be granted to prevent a legislative act by a municipality.
A party seeking an injunction generally must show that no adequate remedy at law exists and that irreparable injury will result if relief is not granted.

Interest of Johnson (cross-reference w/ 20120364 & 20140366) 2016 ND 29
Docket No.: 20150217
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A district court must find a person has serious difficulty controlling his or her behavior to continue that person's commitment as a sexually dangerous individual.

State v. Anderson 2016 ND 28
Docket No.: 20150015
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: The State cannot use a defendant's post-arrest silence as evidence of guilt, and the burden is on the State to prove that a comment on a defendant's post-arrest silence is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
The State's inquiry into the amount of time a defendant spent preparing trial testimony is a legitimate means of attacking the veracity of a defendant's testimony on cross-examination.
The attorney-client privilege is personal to the client and is waived if it is not asserted at trial.
A defendant's flight immediately after a crime has been committed or during a continuing chain of events after a crime has been committed, while alone is insufficient to establish guilt, may be considered by the jury as circumstantial evidence of a defendant's consciousness of guilt.

State v. Stensaker (consolidated w/ 20150165) 2016 ND 27
Docket No.: 20150164
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Murder conviction and two counts of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3); case remanded to fix clerical error in judgment.

Interest of G.L.D. (CONFIDENTIAL)(cross-reference w/20100230,20120175,&2014 2016 ND 26
Docket No.: 20150245
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying request for discharge from commitment as a sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Interest of G.L.D. (CONFIDENTIAL)(cross-reference w/20100230,20120175,&20140034) 2016 ND 25
Docket No.: 20150226
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying petition for discharge from civil commitment as a sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of N.C. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2016 ND 24
Docket No.: 20150367
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Gomez v. State 2016 ND 23
Docket No.: 20150258
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order dismissing application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

Benson v. State (cross-reference w/20130179) 2016 ND 22
Docket No.: 20150232
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Order dismissing application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6).

Vacancy in Judgeship No. 7, SEJD (see 20160011) 2016 ND 21
Docket No.: 20160001
Filing Date: 2/16/2016
Case Type: Judicial Administration - Rule - Rule
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgeships retained at Jamestown and Valley City.

PHI Financial Services, Inc. v. Johnston Law Office, P.C., et al. 2016 ND 20
Docket No.: 20150008
Filing Date: 1/26/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A party that acts as a "mere conduit" for a transfer of funds is not a "first transferee" for purposes of liability under the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act.
Whether reasonably equivalent value has been received in exchange for a transfer is a question of fact subject to the clearly erroneous standard of review.
Under the Uniform Commercial Code, a creditor may obtain a money judgment on the debt and foreclose on collateral in one or more proceedings if there is no double recovery.
The perfection of security interests in intangible collateral is governed by the law of the debtor's location.

Titan Machinery, Inc. v. Patterson Enterprises, Inc., et al. 2016 ND 19
Docket No.: 20150025
Filing Date: 1/21/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A proponent may introduce into evidence a summary to prove the content of voluminous writings that cannot be conveniently examined in court.
A proponent of a summary must make the originals or duplicates of the underlying writings available for copying or examination by other parties at a reasonable time and place, and the underlying documents must be admissible.
A district court's findings must be sufficient to enable an appellate court to understand the court's decision.
A merchant who leases goods of that kind impliedly warrants the goods are fit for the ordinary purposes for which goods of that type are used.

Estate of Glasoe, et al. v. Williams County, ND, et al. 2016 ND 18
Docket No.: 20150095
Filing Date: 1/19/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: There must be strict compliance with mandatory jurisdictional requirements of the tax lien foreclosure statutes, and those statutes will be strictly construed in favor of the owners of the property.
Sufficiency of service of process is a question of fact that will not be reversed on appeal unless clearly erroneous.
The sale of property acquired by a county through tax deed by the acceptance of a valid bid cuts off the former owner's right of repurchase.

Palmer v. 999 Quebec, Inc., et al. 2016 ND 17
Docket No.: 20150031
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Personal Injury
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Generally, the existence of a duty is a preliminary question of law for the court. When a duty does not exist, there is no negligence.
In opposing a motion for summary judgment, the resisting party must present competent admissible evidence by affidavit or other means that raises an issue of material fact and must, if appropriate, draw the court's attention to relevant evidence in the record.

Ritter v. Ritter 2016 ND 16
Docket No.: 20150202
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A parent may establish a prima facie case for modification of residential responsibility following a stipulated divorce when the parent's affidavit evidences a significant change in employment resulting in a predictable work schedule and such modification is in the children's best interests.

State v. Knox 2016 ND 15
Docket No.: 20150125
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court's decision cannot be properly reviewed on appeal if the district court fails to make adequate findings explaining the evidentiary and legal basis for its decision.

Wanttaja v. Wanttaja 2016 ND 14
Docket No.: 20140436
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A district court has jurisdiction in divorce proceedings to award appropriate child support for a parties' child, even when a temporary support order has been entered by a district court in another county while the parties are still married.
In deciding whether to award attorney fees in a divorce, the district court must balance one party's needs against the other party's ability to pay, and fault is a consideration only to the extent one party has unreasonably escalated the fees.

State v. Atkins 2016 ND 13
Docket No.: 20150211
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Issues not brought before the district court are generally inappropriate for appeal.
Ineffective assistance of counsel claims generally should not be brought on direct appeal, because post-conviction relief proceedings provide a more appropriate forum to develop the evidentiary record necessary for such claims.

Forster v. Flaagan 2016 ND 12
Docket No.: 20150207
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A prima facie case for modification of primary residential responsibility is a bare minimum standard requiring facts that would support modification if proven at an evidentiary hearing.
If the moving party's allegations are supported by competent, admissible evidence, the court may conclude the moving party failed to establish a prima facie case only if: (1) the opposing party's counter-affidavits conclusively establish that the moving party's allegations have no credibility; or (2) the moving party's allegations are insufficient on their face, even if uncontradicted, to justify modification.

State v. Hannah 2016 ND 11
Docket No.: 20150144
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Pain is a phenomenon of common experience and understanding.
The weight given to a victim's testimony regarding pain is up to the jury.

State v. Horning 2016 ND 10
Docket No.: 20150148
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The State may move for civil forfeiture of property within a criminal case.
The State may appeal a district court order denying civil forfeiture.
Civil forfeiture is not dependent upon conviction in a criminal case.

State v. 1998 Jeep Grand Cherokee, et al. (cross-ref. w/20140444) 2016 ND 9
Docket No.: 20150270
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A district court abuses its discretion when it does not follow the procedural requirement of providing notice before amending an order or judgment to correct a clerical error.
A motion to amend a judgment or order to correct a clerical error cannot be used to make substantive changes to the judgment or order.
The dismissal of an appeal makes a judgment final and res judicata of all issues therein.

State v. Ballard 2016 ND 8
Docket No.: 20140333
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Suspicionless search of an unsupervised probationer's home is unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

State v. Russell 2016 ND 7
Docket No.: 20150205
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Amended criminal judgment revoking defendant's probation and sentencing him to prison is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(1) and (3).

Sturre v. Levi 2016 ND 6
Docket No.: 20150242
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Judgment affirming the Department of Transportation hearing officer's decision to suspend driving privileges for 180 days is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5) and (7).

Myers v. State 2016 ND 5
Docket No.: 20150223
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Denial of application for post-conviction relief is summarily reversed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(b).

State v. Suelzle 2016 ND 4
Docket No.: 20150004
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for aggravated assault, aggravated reckless driving, reckless endangerment, leaving the scene of an accident involving serious personal injury, leaving the scene of an accident involving an unattended vehicle and leaving the scene of an accident involving an attended vehicle is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Johnson v. State 2016 ND 3
Docket No.: 20150130
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Denial of an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

Vacancy in Judgeship No. 1, NEJD 2016 ND 2
Docket No.: 20150353
Filing Date: 1/12/2016
Case Type: Judicial Administration - Rule - Rule
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgeship retained at Devils Lake.

Stock v. Stock 2016 ND 1
Docket No.: 20150011
Filing Date: 1/6/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: It is not clearly erroneous for a court to award permanent spousal support instead of rehabilitative spousal support where the circumstances warrant both awards.
The amount of a spousal support award is clearly erroneous where the amount unduly burdens the payor spouse by leaving the spouse in a nearly impossible financial position.
Although a district court and this Court have concurrent jurisdiction to award attorney's fees for an appeal in a divorce, we prefer the district court decide the issue of attorney's fees for a divorce appeal.

Markgraf, et al. v. Welker, et al. 2015 ND 303
Docket No.: 20150116
Filing Date: 12/31/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Summary judgment is inappropriate if the court must draw inferences and make findings on disputed facts to support the judgment.
The statute of limitations for recovery or possession of real property, applies to any action for the recovery or possession of real property and is not limited to adverse possession or acquiescence actions.
When summary judgment is inappropriate but no further evidence would be presented at trial, parties may submit the case to the district court for a trial based on the record if the parties provide a stipulation of facts and exhibits, together with any argument the court permits.

Arrow Midstream Holdings, LLC, et al. v. 3 Bears Construction, LLC, et al. 2015 ND 302
Docket No.: 20150057
Filing Date: 12/29/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A dismissal without prejudice is final and appealable if it has the practical effect of terminating the litigation in the plaintiff's chosen forum.
Generally, absent a different congressional direction, Indian tribes lack civil authority over the conduct of nonmembers on non-Indian land within a reservation.
It is not the particular form of business entity used by a tribe or tribal member, but whether the business entity was created under tribal law or state law that determines if the business entity should be treated as a tribe or tribal member.
State court jurisdiction over claims arising on Indian reservations is foreclosed if it is preempted by incompatible federal law or if it would undermine the right of reservation Indians to make their own laws and be ruled by them.

State v. Nelson (consolidated w/ 20150213) 2015 ND 301
Docket No.: 20150212
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Restitution hearings are required when a defendant has pled guilty and the amount of restitution is in dispute or uncertain.
District courts have a wide degree of discretion when setting restitution, and the court's decision will not be reversed on appeal unless the court acted outside the limits set by statute, which is similar to an abuse of discretion standard.

Clark v. Farmers Union Mutual Ins., et al. 2015 ND 300
Docket No.: 20150199
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Insurance
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Interpretation of an insurance contract is a question of law fully reviewable on appeal.
Courts look first to the language of an insurance contract, and if the policy language is clear on its face, there is no room for construction.

Washburn v. Levi 2015 ND 299
Docket No.: 20150149
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: If an arrestee makes any affirmative mention of a need for an attorney before deciding whether to submit to chemical testing, law enforcement personnel must assume the arrestee is requesting an opportunity to consult with an attorney and must allow a reasonable opportunity to do so.
A failure to provide a reasonable opportunity to consult with counsel after the arrestee requests as much disallows the Department from revoking the arrestee's driver's license because of the arrestee's refusal to submit to chemical testing.

Bayles v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2015 ND 298
Docket No.: 20150200
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A district court may not reverse a hearing officer's decision to suspend driving privileges when the only basis was failure to file the transcript within the statutory period.
For reversal based on noncompliance with the statutory period to file a hearing transcript with the district court, a defendant must show either prejudice caused by the delay or systematically disregarded the requirements of the law.

State v. Williams 2015 ND 297
Docket No.: 20150042
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: The district court has discretion in deciding whether to grant a request for a transcript, and the court abuses its discretion by refusing the request if a particularized need, necessity, or justification for its preparation and use is shown.

State v. Chatman 2015 ND 296
Docket No.: 20150037
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used to establish probable cause to issue a search warrant, but a court is not required to suppress evidence obtained as a result of the search warrant if there was sufficient legal evidence presented to the issuing magistrate to establish probable cause.
Anticipatory search warrants do not delegate the issuing magistrate's power to law enforcement.

Interest of Thill (cross-reference w/ 20130291) 2015 ND 295
Docket No.: 20150147
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court must make specific findings of fact supporting its determination that a defendant remains a sexually dangerous individual. Generally referencing medical reports without explaining which facts it considered in its determination is not sufficient.

Butterfield v. Levi 2015 ND 294
Docket No.: 20150249
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A district court judgment affirming a Department of Transportation decision revoking driving privileges is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

Interest of A.C. (CONFIDENTIAL)(Consolidated w/20150318) 2015 ND 293
Docket No.: 20150317
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Musick v. Levi 2015 ND 292
Docket No.: 20150252
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Revocation of driving privileges is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5) and (7).

Jodoin v. Levi 2015 ND 291
Docket No.: 20150185
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Suspension of driving privileges is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5).

Johnson v. State 2015 ND 290
Docket No.: 20150209
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Disciplinary Board v. Ward 2015 ND 289
Docket No.: 20150309
Filing Date: 12/11/2015
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer reprimanded.

Disciplinary Board v. Varriano 2015 ND 288
Docket No.: 20150342
Filing Date: 12/11/2015
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer reinstatement ordered.

Fleck, et al. v. Missouri River Royalty Corp., et al. 2015 ND 287
Docket No.: 20150106
Filing Date: 12/7/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The term "production" as used in a "so long thereafter" clause and any related savings clause extending an oil and gas lease generally will be interpreted to mean "production in paying quantities."
To determine whether a well is producing in paying quantities, a court must consider whether the well has yielded a profit over the operating costs over a reasonable period of time and whether a reasonably prudent operator would continue to operate a well in the manner in which the well was operated under all of the relevant circumstances.

Disciplinary Board v. Huisman 2015 ND 286
Docket No.: 20150281
Filing Date: 12/7/2015
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer suspension ordered.

Blume Construction, Inc. v. State 2015 ND 285
Docket No.: 20150103
Filing Date: 12/7/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Unemployment/Job Service
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A corporation may not be represented by a non-attorney agent in a legal proceeding, and any legal documents signed and filed by a corporation's non-attorney agent are void.
A request for an appeal from an administrative agency's initial determination, made on behalf of a corporate entity, is not conduct that can be performed by a non-lawyer.
Pro hac vice admission is required for nonresident attorneys who engage in the practice of law by signing pleadings and appearing in an action filed in an administrative agency.
A party asserting an equitable estoppel claim has the burden of proving every element of the claim.

Knorr v. Norberg (cross ref. 20130084) 2015 ND 284
Docket No.: 20150107
Filing Date: 12/7/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: A long-term lease with an option to purchase real property ordinarily requires a signed written agreement.
Promissory estoppel provides for the enforceability of an otherwise void or legally unenforceable agreement when one of the parties has acted to his or her detriment because of a representation or promise made by the other party as to future events.
Before promissory estoppel may be invoked to enforce an agreement or to award damages, the terms of the promise must be clear, definite, and unambiguous.

State v. Hennings 2015 ND 283
Docket No.: 20150096
Filing Date: 12/2/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The law is violated when a defendant, under the influence of alcohol, is able to direct the movement of a vehicle in an area to which the public has a right of access for vehicular use.

Disciplinary Board v. Johnston 2015 ND 282
Docket No.: 20150048
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A law firm employing a paralegal who formerly was employed by another firm may continue representing clients whose interests conflict with the interests of clients of the former employer on whose matters the paralegal worked, as long as the employing firm screens the nonlawyer from information about or participating in matters involving those clients.

State v. Walker 2015 ND 281
Docket No.: 20140441
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A receipt of a general consent to search a vehicle reasonably extends to any container in that vehicle which may contain the object of that search.

State v. Asbach 2015 ND 280
Docket No.: 20140471
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: A defendant is not illegally seized while an officer is conducting duties related to the purpose of a traffic stop.
To prevail under the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule, the State must prove that the police have not acted in bad faith to accelerate the discovery of the challenged evidence and that the evidence would have otherwise been discovered by lawful means in the course of the investigation.

Chisholm v. State 2015 ND 279
Docket No.: 20150099
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: To prevail on a post-conviction claim of ineffective assistance, the petitioner must prove that (1) counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, and (2) the petitioner was prejudiced by counsel's deficient performance.

State v. Acker 2015 ND 278
Docket No.: 20150163
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Before admitting a defendant's prior conviction, the district court must weigh the conviction's probative value against its prejudicial effect in accordance with N.D.R.Ev. 609(a)(1)(B).
Non-constitutional trial error warrants reversal when it prejudices the defendant.

Sargent County Water Resource District v. Mathews, et al. 2015 ND 277
Docket No.: 20140451
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The primary purpose in interpreting a deed is to ascertain and effectuate the grantor's intent. When a deed is unambiguous, the parties' intent is determined from the instrument itself.
A deed that conveys a "right" or "right of way" generally indicates an intent to convey an easement. When the phrase "right of way" is included in the granting clause limiting the estate conveyed or specifying the purpose of the grant, the use of the language supports finding an easement was conveyed.

Bye v. Robinette 2015 ND 276
Docket No.: 20150109
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Findings of fact must demonstrate that the district court followed the child support guidelines when imputing income.
A child support calculation must take into account all of the children in a case or the fact that an obligor owes an additional duty of support to children living with the obligor.

Yahna v. Altru Health System 2015 ND 275
Docket No.: 20150083
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Employer/Employee Dispute
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The presumption of at-will employment may be modified by an employment handbook creating contractual rights to employment, or by the statutory proscription against unlawful age discrimination.
A prima facie case of discrimination in the employment context requires a plaintiff to prove membership in a protected class, satisfactory performance of the duties of a job, an adverse employment decision, and others not in the protected class were treated more favorably.
An employment handbook must be read as a whole to determine whether it overcomes the presumption of employment at will.

Rooks v. Robb 2015 ND 274
Docket No.: 20150047
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Debtor/Creditor
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Affidavits must be made on personal knowledge and contain more than conclusory statements to raise a genuine issue of material fact.
For summary judgment, when a party has the burden of disputing a factual allegation for which no evidence is obtainable--e.g., the burden of proving something did not happen--the party may show there is a genuine dispute of material fact merely by pointing to the absence of probative evidence.

Williamson v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2015 ND 273
Docket No.: 20150179
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Foundation for the admission of blood test results may be laid by a designee of the director of the state crime lab who has been authorized to sign and certify records.
Evidence supporting the admission of blood test results includes the director of the state crime laboratory's authorization of a designee to sign and certify records until revoked or terminated, a designee's authorization to appoint inspectors for breath alcohol testing programs, a designee's execution of certification pages for approved lists of chemical test operators and devices, and testimony that the administration of the chemical test was fair.

Huether, et al. v. Nodak Mutual Ins. Co. (cross-reference w/20150029) 2015 ND 272
Docket No.: 20150161
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Insurance
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Insurance coverage for "direct physical loss or damage" is not ambiguous as a matter of law. A district court does not err in finding the ordinary meaning of the phrase does not include loss-of-use coverage.
The reasonable expectations doctrine is not adopted.

State v. Gackle 2015 ND 271
Docket No.: 20150090
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Section 39-20-07, N.D.C.C., is not the only method for offering blood test results into evidence. Blood test results may also be admitted under normal evidentiary rules.

Weigel v. Weigel 2015 ND 270
Docket No.: 20140412
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: In a divorce proceeding, a district court's valuation and distribution of marital property will not be reversed on appeal unless clearly erroneous.
Due process requires notice and a meaningful opportunity for a hearing appropriate to the nature of the case.

Anderson v. Baker, et al. 2015 ND 269
Docket No.: 20150049
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Johnson, et al. v. Buskohl Construction, Inc., et al. 2015 ND 268
Docket No.: 20150006
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: If a district court does not make detailed findings when admitting evidence under the residual exception to hearsay, an appellate court may review the record to determine whether the prerequisites to admissibility have been met.
The most important requirement to admit evidence under the residual exception to hearsay is that it possess circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness equivalent to the next closest hearsay exception.
A party seeking to admit evidence under the residual exception to hearsay must give advance notice of its intent to use the evidence, including providing the name and address of the declarant to the opposing party, before trial.

Guardianship and Conservatorship of M.E. (Confidential) 2015 ND 267
Docket No.: 20150117
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Guardian/Conservator
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Substantial compliance with the statute for the appointment of a guardian and conservator is required.
Deprivation of a protected person's rights to vote, to seek to change marital status, to obtain or retain a motor vehicle operator's license, or to testify in any judicial or administrative proceedings must be supported by specific findings.

State v. Moreno 2015 ND 266
Docket No.: 20150158
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for refusal to submit to chemical testing is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3) and (7).

Murray v. State 2015 ND 265
Docket No.: 20150124
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order dismissing application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6) and (7).

Wheeler v. State (consolidated w/20150114 & 20150115) 2015 ND 264
Docket No.: 20150113
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7) and Lehman v. State, 2014 ND 103, 847 N.W.2d 119.
Order prohibiting filing any further motions or pleadings is modified.

State v. Birnbaum 2015 ND 263
Docket No.: 20150064
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment for assault, violation of an order prohibiting contact, theft of property, and failure to halt is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

State v. Busby 2015 ND 262
Docket No.: 20150173
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for assault summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7). State v. Chisholm, 2012 ND 147,  16, 818 N.W.2d 707.

State v. Ford 2015 ND 261
Docket No.: 20150177
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court order for revocation of probation summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Interest of L.F. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2015 ND 260
Docket No.: 20150272
Filing Date: 12/1/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Rusgrove v. Goter 2015 ND 259
Docket No.: 20150122
Filing Date: 11/6/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Malpractice
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court's summary judgment dismissing a plaintiff's lawsuit with prejudice is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6) and (7).

In the Interest of A.S. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2015 ND 258
Docket No.: 20150120
Filing Date: 11/6/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Juvenile Law
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order adopting a referee's order that transferred the case from juvenile court to adult court is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Sall v. Sall (cross-reference w/ 20100360 & 20120448) 2015 ND 257
Docket No.: 20150098
Filing Date: 10/29/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment adjusting the monthly amount of child support payments is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of T.A.G. 2015 ND 256
Docket No.: 20140445
Filing Date: 10/29/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order for continued commitment as a sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Leno v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2015 ND 255
Docket No.: 20150091
Filing Date: 10/19/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: When the specimen submitter's checklist is not sent to the Department of Transportation or presented as evidence at the administrative hearing, testimony from the specimen submitter can be used to show scrupulous compliance with the methods approved by the state crime laboratory director.
The abuse of discretion standard applies to decisions allowing witnesses to refresh their memories.
Leading questions are permissible to refresh a witness's memory.

Capes v. Capes 2015 ND 254
Docket No.: 20140342
Filing Date: 10/14/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: To modify parenting time, the moving party must demonstrate that a material change in circumstances has occurred since entry of the previous parenting time order and that the modification is in the best interests of the child.

Estate of Amundson, et al. 2015 ND 253
Docket No.: 20150046
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: The district court is considered an expert in determining the value of reasonable attorney's fees for services rendered to an estate, and its decision will not be overturned on appeal absent a clear abuse of discretion.
Professional corporations organized for the purpose of engaging in the practice of law provide limited personal liability only for obligations of the professional corporation that are unrelated to the rendering of the professional legal service.

Poppe v. Stockert, et al. 2015 ND 252
Docket No.: 20140463
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Landlord/Tenant
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A landlord may dispose of a tenant's abandoned personal property under N.D.C.C. 47-16-30.1. The landlord must retain property valued at more than $1,500 for the time required by statute.
The statute create a lien on a tenant's abandoned personal property when there is an eviction judgment and special execution. The lien is a security interest for the reasonable costs of retaining the property for the statutory period.

Gronland v. Gronland (cross-reference w/19940193) 2015 ND 251
Docket No.: 20150108
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Jurisdiction to modify spousal support does not extend beyond the support period, unless the court reserves that jurisdiction.
The Supreme Court may sanction a person failing to abide by the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Olson v. Levi 2015 ND 250
Docket No.: 20150131
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: The report and notice form forwarded to the department of transportation must include adequate probable cause information showing the arrestee was in actual physical control of or was driving a vehicle under the influence of alcohol to provide the department authority to suspend driving privileges.

City of Jamestown v. Hanson 2015 ND 249
Docket No.: 20150005
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Testimony regarding blood-alcohol testing procedures may be admitted into evidence without satisfying the statutory requirements for admission of blood-alcohol test results.

Tidd v. Kroshus 2015 ND 248
Docket No.: 20140426
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Personal Injury
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Jury instructions on issues not supported by the evidence are erroneous but arereversible error only when they are prejudicial or mislead the jury.
Every unexpected occurrence is not a sudden emergency, and whether a sudden emergency exists is a question for the jury unless a reasonable person could draw only one conclusion from the evidence.

Guardianship/Conservatorship of V.A.M. 2015 ND 247
Docket No.: 20150043
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Guardian/Conservator
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A district court's decision cannot be properly reviewed on appeal if the appellate court is unable to understand the rationale underlying the district court's decision.

Interest of W.M. (Confidential) 2015 ND 246
Docket No.: 20150257
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Mental Health
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court order finding W.M. mentally ill and in need of treatment with medication summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of B.K. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2015 ND 245
Docket No.: 20150260
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Mental Health
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Mental health commitment for up to 90 days is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Dubray v. State 2015 ND 244
Docket No.: 20140428
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Matter of Bartole (cross-ref w/ 20110243) 2015 ND 243
Docket No.: 20150134
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A district court order for continued commitment as a sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Meyer, et al. v. Engebretson, et al. 2015 ND 242
Docket No.: 20150170
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Summary judgment deciding ownership of mineral interests is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6) and (7).

Kitzan v. State 2015 ND 241
Docket No.: 20150045
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Berg 2015 ND 240
Docket No.: 20150076
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Other
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court order for revocation of probation and amended criminal judgment is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7).

Wedemeyer v. State 2015 ND 239
Docket No.: 20150021
Filing Date: 10/13/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order dismissing application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Border Resources, LLC v. Irish Oil & Gas, Inc., et al. 2015 ND 238
Docket No.: 20140264
Filing Date: 9/21/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A fiduciary duty, including a corresponding duty of loyalty and honesty, arises between an oil company and its landman based on a confidential relationship.
The existence and scope of a fiduciary duty depends on the language of the parties' agreement.
A district court has wide discretion in deciding whether to permit amended pleadings after the time for an amendment has passed.