Search Tips

Opinions

On this page, you can search and view the Supreme Court’s opinions. If you wish to review the docket or documents filed in a matter, please go to the Court’s public portal search page.

1601 - 1700 of 12426 results

O'Keeffe v. O'Keeffe 2020 ND 201
Docket No.: 20190379
Filing Date: 9/16/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: An award of spousal support is rehabilitative when it is ordered to provide the receiving spouse an opportunity to acquire an education, training, work skills, or experience to increase earning capacity or to become self-supporting.

Non-rehabilitative spousal support includes support ordered to equitably reduce a substantial income disparity that cannot be adjusted by property division or rehabilitative support.

State v. Edwards 2020 ND 200
Docket No.: 20200044
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Failure to assert a claim of obvious error on appeal does not warrant review under the obvious error standard.

Velasquez v. State 2020 ND 199
Docket No.: 20200043
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The order denying post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

State v. Tolbert 2020 ND 198
Docket No.: 20200029
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The criminal judgment entered after a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7).

Woelfel v. Gifford 2020 ND 197
Docket No.: 20190331
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Post-judgment modification of residential responsibility is governed by statute which provides the standard for a court to apply.

When a prior judgement establishes joint or equal residential responsibility, modification first requires a determination to award primary residential responsibility.

A residential responsibility order provision that automatically transfers primary residential responsibility on the happening of a condition is against public policy.

Cass County Joint Water Resource District v. Aaland, et al. 2020 ND 196
Docket No.: 20200171
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Under Rule 8, N.D.R.App.P., the Court has the authority to grant a stay pending appeal.

The Court considers four criteria when deciding whether to grant an application for a stay: 1) a strong showing that the appellant is likely to succeed on appeal; 2) that unless the stay is granted, the appellant will suffer irreparable injury; 3) that no substantial harm will come to any party by reason of the issuance of the stay; and 4) that granting the stay will do no harm to the public interest.

Interest of J.F. (CONFIDENTIAL)(consolidated with 20200089) 2020 ND 195
Docket No.: 20200088
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Juvenile Law
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An appeal from a juvenile court order finding two children to be deprived is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Sadek, et al. v. Weber, et al. 2020 ND 194
Docket No.: 20190216
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: For the tort of deceit, one who willfully deceives another with intent to induce that person to alter that person’s position to that person’s injury or risk is liable for any damage which that person thereby suffers.

While there must be a false representation of a material fact that either exists in the present or has existed in the past, a mere expression of an opinion in the nature of a prophecy as to the happening or non-happening of a future event is not actionable as deceit.

Negligence consists of a duty on the part of an allegedly negligent person to protect the plaintiff from injury, a failure to discharge the duty, and a resulting injury proximately caused by the breach of the duty.

A proximate cause is a cause which, as a natural and continuous sequence, unbroken by any controlling intervening cause, produces the injury, and without which it would not have occurred.

Jorgenson v. NDDOT 2020 ND 193
Docket No.: 20190411
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: To preserve an issue for appeal, an argument must be raised before the administrative hearing officer and identified in the specifications of error on appeal to the district court.

Environmental Law & Policy Center, et al. v. N.D. Public Svc. Commission, et al. 2020 ND 192
Docket No.: 20190220
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The Administrative Agencies Practice Act governs an appeal from a decision of the Public Service Commission.

The Public Service Commission’s authority to regulate is limited to that authority provided to it by the legislature.

For an administrative agency, the term “jurisdiction” has three components: (1) personal jurisdiction, referring to the agency’s authority over the parties and intervenors involved in the proceedings; (2) subject matter jurisdiction, referring to the agency’s power to hear and determine the causes of a general class of cases to which a particular case belongs; and (3) the agency’s scope of authority under statute.

The Commission’s regulatory authority is limited to projects that meet the definition of “gas or liquid energy conversion facility” found in N.D.C.C. § 49-22.1-01(6). A refinery not designed for or capable of refining 50,000 bpd is not a “gas or liquid energy conversion facility” as that term is defined. A project proponent may avoid the time and expense of the Commission’s regulatory review that comes with a larger project by deciding to reduce the scale of a project to a size just below the regulatory threshold.

State v. Silk 2020 ND 191
Docket No.: 20200035
Filing Date: 9/15/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order revoking defendant’s probation and amended criminal judgment is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7).

Oversen, et al. v. Jaeger 2020 ND 190
Docket No.: 20200234
Filing Date: 9/4/2020
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Mandamus
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The secretary of state does not have a duty to certify a new nomination and place the new nominee’s name on the general election ballot as a candidate for a statewide executive branch office when a vacancy on the ballot occurs after the primary election, if the vacancy did not occur as a result of one of the conditions listed in N.D.C.C. § 16.1-11-18(6).

Estate of Grenz 2020 ND 189
Docket No.: 20190363
Filing Date: 8/31/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court’s decision to invalidate a portion of a decedent’s will based on undue influence and to give effect to a portion of a contingent distribution clause is affirmed.

City of West Fargo v. Olson, et al. 2020 ND 188
Docket No.: 20200183
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Criminal - Writ of Supervision
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: The Supreme Court exercises supervisory jurisdiction only in extraordinary cases to rectify errors and prevent injustice when no adequate alternative remedy exists.

Because the individual who initially inspected and reviewed the installation of the Intoxilyzer 8000 testing device did not make any testimonial statements under the Confrontation Clause or Rule 707 of the North Dakota Rules of Evidence, the City of West Fargo is not required to produce her at trial.

Muhlbradt, et al. v. Pederson, et al. 2020 ND 187
Docket No.: 20190327
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Deeds are construed in the same manner as contracts with the primary purpose to ascertain and effectuate the parties’ or grantor’s intent.

Whether a deed is ambiguous is a question of law, which is fully reviewable on appeal.

Kvande v. Thorson 2020 ND 186
Docket No.: 20190356
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Laches is the delay in enforcing a person’s rights that disadvantages another, and a party asserting laches must prove he was so prejudiced during the delay that he cannot be restored to status quo.

Equitable estoppel cannot be used to create an enforceable agreement between the parties.

City of Glen Ullin, et al. v. Schirado, et al. 2020 ND 185
Docket No.: 20200075
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court’s application of res judicata to claims concerning rights to real property is partially affirmed and partially reversed.

Koffler v. Koffler 2020 ND 184
Docket No.: 20190378
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A child support obligor’s self-induced reduction in income generally does not constitute a material change in circumstances warranting a modification of a child support obligation.

State v. M.J.W. (consol. w/20200009-20200010) 2020 ND 183
Docket No.: 20200008
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Section 12-60.1-02(1)(a), N.D.C.C., authorizes an individual to petition the district court to seal a criminal record only when the individual had not been charged with a new crime for at least three years from the date of release from incarceration, parole, or probation.

A district court errs when it grants a petition not authorized by statute.

Woodrock, et al. v. McKenzie Cty. 2020 ND 182
Docket No.: 20200066
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A contract to supply aggregate materials to a county stockpile is not a contract for the “construction of a public improvement” under N.D.C.C. ch. 48-01.2.

The county was not required to obtain a bond from a contractor for a contract to supply aggregate materials to stockpiles under N.D.C.C. § 48-01.2-10.

Gimbel v. Magrum, et al. 2020 ND 181
Docket No.: 20190412
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court judgment determining real estate was not acquired by adverse possession or acquiescence is affirmed.

Instasi v. Hiebert 2020 ND 180
Docket No.: 20200037
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A court of this state may modify a child custody determination made by a court of another state if the court of the other state determines it no longer has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction or that a court of this state would be a more convenient forum.

Wilkinson, et al. v. Board of University and School Lands of the State of N.D. 2020 ND 179
Docket No.: 20190354
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Chapter 61-33.1, N.D.C.C., governs the State’s sovereign land mineral ownership of the riverbed segments subject to inundation by the Pick-Sloan Missouri basin project dams and provides a process for determining ownership and returning funds incorrectly paid to the State.

The State does not have any claim or hold title as sovereign lands to any minerals above the ordinary high water mark of the historical Missouri riverbed channel.

When N.D.C.C. ch. 61-33.1 applies to determine ownership of mineral interests, the process provided by the chapter must be followed to decide ownership.

Berg v. Jaeger, et al. 2020 ND 178
Docket No.: 20200184
Filing Date: 8/26/2020
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Injunction
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The supreme court, in exercising its original jurisdiction, may issue a writ of injunction to restrain the commission or continuance of an act.

The five-year residency requirement of N.D. Const. art. V, § 4, relating to holding an executive branch office, does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

A person’s legal residence is a question of fact.

Haugen, et al. v. Jaeger, et al. 2020 ND 177
Docket No.: 20200213
Filing Date: 8/25/2020
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Injunction
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The full-text requirement in N.D. Const. art. III, § 2, prohibits a petition to initiate a measure that would amend the Constitution from incorporating a statute by reference.

Krile v. Lawyer 2020 ND 176
Docket No.: 20190367
Filing Date: 7/30/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: In deciding a motion to dismiss under N.D.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6), district courts may consider materials embraced by the pleadings and materials that are part of the public record without converting the motion to a summary judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 56.

Communications made by a state’s attorney while performing an official duty as prescribed in N.D.C.C. § 11-16-01 are entitled to absolute privilege under N.D.C.C. § 14-02-05(1).

A communication made by a state’s attorney while performing his or her official duty to conduct criminal prosecutions under N.D.C.C. § 11-16-01(1) is absolutely privileged if made while performing an act or during an activity “intimately associated with the judicial phase of the criminal process.”

Disclosures made to an administrative agency, at the request of the agency, and during the course of a statutorily authorized investigation by the agency are absolutely privileged under N.D.C.C. § 14-02-05(2).

Sorum, et al. v. State, et al. 2020 ND 175
Docket No.: 20190203
Filing Date: 7/30/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Tax Realted
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Where the State has a legal obligation that becomes unenforceable by the passage of a statute of limitations, the Legislative Assembly may waive or extend the limitation period to revive a previously valid claim against the State without making a prohibited “donation” within the meaning of the gift clause.

An action brought by an individual as a taxpayer facially challenging a statute does not fail merely because the statute includes constitutional applications along with potentially unconstitutional applications.

Wald v. Wald 2020 ND 174
Docket No.: 20190159
Filing Date: 7/30/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A real property owner may testify about the value of the land without any further qualification or special knowledge.

A district court has broad equitable powers to redistribute property and debts in a postjudgment proceeding if a party fails to comply with an order or judgment.

State v. Greenshields 2020 ND 173
Docket No.: 20190393
Filing Date: 7/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s dismissal of a criminal complaint with prejudice is reviewed on appeal for an abuse of discretion.

A party may not collaterally attack a final decision that was not appealed in a subsequent proceeding.

Fredericks, et al. v. Vogel Law Firm, et al. 2020 ND 171
Docket No.: 20190272
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Res judicata prevents relitigation of claims that were raised, or could have been raised, in earlier actions between the same parties or their privies.

A party with a single cause of action generally may not split that cause of action and maintain several lawsuits for different parts of the action.

City of Fargo v. Wieland 2020 ND 170
Docket No.: 20200100
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s order denying a request for post-judgment interest is affirmed.

Neither N.D.C.C. §§ 32-15-29 nor 32-15-30 provide for post-judgment interest on an award in an eminent domain proceedings subsequent to the political subdivision’s deposit of the full amount of the judgment in court.

Interest of K.V. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2020 ND 169
Docket No.: 20190275
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Juvenile Law
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: This Court defers to a juvenile court’s assessment of credibility, but if the court does not make specific findings, this Court is left to speculate as to the law and facts the court relied on in denying a motion.

Beam v. WSI, et. al. 2020 ND 168
Docket No.: 20200067
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A party appealing a hearing officer’s decision must file “reasonably specific” specifications of error detailing which matters are at issue, so as to alert the agency, other parties, and the court of the particular errors claimed.

A rehabilitation plan is appropriate if it meets the requirements of N.D.C.C. ch. 65-05.1 and gives the injured worker a reasonable opportunity to obtain substantial gainful employment.

An ALJ’s decision was supported by evidence from which a reasoning mind could have reasonably concluded WSI’s rehabilitation plan would return Beam to substantial gainful employment in light of his injuries.

Schroeder, et al. v. State 2020 ND 167
Docket No.: 20190374
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The State is immune from liability for claims relating to an injury directly or indirectly caused by the performance of a public duty, including the State’s duty to maintain the interstate and keep it in good and safe condition for general public use.

The State is immune from liability for claims resulting from a snow or ice condition on a highway except when the snow or ice condition was affirmatively caused by a state employee’s negligent act.

State v. Arends 2020 ND 166
Docket No.: 20190373
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order revoking probation and second criminal judgment is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Varty v. Varty 2020 ND 165
Docket No.: 20190391
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The district court abuses its discretion when it misinterprets or misapplies the law.

A finding of unconscionability under Rule 60(b)(6) of the North Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure requires balancing procedural and substantive findings, and must analyze whether the judgment as a whole was so one-sided and created hardship that relief was required

A.R. Audit Services Inc. v. Young 2020 ND 164
Docket No.: 20200064
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Debtor/Creditor
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court order denying motion for relief under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1) is summarily affirm under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7).

State v. Lindquist 2020 ND 163
Docket No.: 20200022
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment and an order denying a motion to suppress are affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2),(7).

Interest of Skorick 2020 ND 162
Docket No.: 20190349
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: At a civil commitment hearing, the testimony and reports of an expert who conducted an examination are admissible.

A harmless error is one that does not affect a party’s substantial rights.

McCormick, et al. v. Fredericks 2020 ND 161
Docket No.: 20190254
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Jury instructions should fairly inform the jury of the law applicable to the case and fairly cover the claims made by both sides of the case. Jury instructions are reviewed as a whole, and are sufficient if they correctly advise the jury of the law.

A district court’s decision on whether to disqualify a law firm or a lawyer is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.

A court may order judicial supervision of the winding up of a dissolved limited liability company on a member’s application and showing of good cause.

State v. Scott 2020 ND 160
Docket No.: 20190317
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: There is no requirement for the district court to advise defendants they may plead not guilty based on the defense of double jeopardy.

The defense of double jeopardy is not presentable to the jury unless there is a question of fact.

Rule 803(24), N.D.R.Ev., which provides an exception to certain hearsay statements made by a child about sexual abuse, does not apply to non-hearsay testimony.

Laufer v. Doe 2020 ND 159
Docket No.: 20200001
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A party seeking recovery of property damage allegedly caused by a pesticide application must strictly comply with statutory notice requirements under N.D.C.C. § 4.1-33-18.

State v. Metz 2020 ND 158
Docket No.: 20200023
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment entered after a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

State v. Banyee (consolidated w/ 20190281) 2020 ND 157
Docket No.: 20180251
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment and a judgment denying postconviction relief are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Harrison v. State 2020 ND 156
Docket No.: 20200070
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Helm 2020 ND 155
Docket No.: 20190325
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A defendant raising specific grounds in a N.D.R.Crim.P. 29 motion for judgment of acquittal waives on appeal other grounds not asserted in the district court.

City of Jamestown v. Schultz 2020 ND 154
Docket No.: 20190359
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: When an individual has been given a reasonable opportunity to consult with an attorney before deciding to take a chemical test, the individual is not required to be provided with a second chance to consult with an attorney subsequent to making a decision to take the chemical test.

Norby v. Hinesley, et al. 2020 ND 153
Docket No.: 20190337
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court’s decision on a motion to relocate is a finding of fact, which will not be reversed on appeal unless it is clearly erroneous.
A district court must analyze all four Stout-Hawkinson factors in determining whether a custodial parent may relocate out-of-state with a child.

Holter v. City of Mandan 2020 ND 152
Docket No.: 20190277
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: This Court exercises a limited review of a challenge to a municipality’s decision to specially assess property.

A municipality has broad discretion to determine benefits and apportion assessments and costs to properties within an improvement district.

The special assessment against a property must not exceed the benefit which has been determined to have accrued thereto.

State v. Harstad 2020 ND 151
Docket No.: 20190400
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court abused its discretion awarding restitution for damages that were not directly related to the criminal conduct.

Zundel v. Zundel, et al. 2020 ND 150
Docket No.: 20190334
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court judgment finding a bill of transfer is void as a result of undue influence is not clearly erroneous.

The court did not abuse its discretion by quashing a post-trial subpoena.

Issues raised for the first time on appeal will not be considered.

State v. Kuntz 2020 ND 149
Docket No.: 20190365
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s order for restitution is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Wisnewski v. Wisnewski 2020 ND 148
Docket No.: 20190209
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: The domestic violence presumption under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-29(2) is only rebutted by clear and convincing evidence.
The absence of physical abuse of a child, use of substances at the time of a domestic violence incident or subsequent treatment for the substance use does not rebut the presumption. The passage of time alone also does not rebut the presumption.

Under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-31(4), when a court finds domestic violence occurred, it shall make orders for the allocation of decision making responsibility that best protects the child, parent, or both.

Child support calculations must state how net income was determined. Under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-29(4), when a parent perpetrates domestic violence as described, fees must be awarded unless those costs would place an undue financial hardship.

Lavallie v. Jay, et al. 2020 ND 147
Docket No.: 20190402
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Personal Injury
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Issues related to subject matter jurisdiction can be raised at any time and cannot be waived.
As a general rule, it is presumed that North Dakota district courts have subject matter jurisdiction, and the party challenging the district court’s subject matter jurisdiction bears the burden of proving the district court lacks subject matter jurisdiction.

Grove v. NDDOT 2020 ND 146
Docket No.: 20200016
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: When a party fails to raise an issue at an administrative hearing, the issue is normally precluded from review on appeal. We will reverse a district court’s decision when the basis of the decision was not raised in the administrative hearing.
A Report and Notice form containing the results of an on-site screening test or tests may be admitted into evidence at an administrative hearing for the purpose of establishing probable cause.

Nat'l Parks Conservation Assn., et al. v. ND Dep't of Environmental Quality, et 2020 ND 145
Docket No.: 20190095
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: An agency’s reasonable interpretation of a regulation is entitled to deference, and an agency’s decision in complex or technical matters involving agency expertise is entitled to appreciable deference.

The legislature is presumed to be aware of judicial construction of a statute, and from its failure to amend a particular statutory provision, it is presumed the legislature acquiesces in that construction.

An agency’s permitting decision is entitled to greater deference than a decision after an adjudicative proceeding, and the final permitting decision is reviewed on appeal to determine whether it is arbitrary, capricious or unreasonable.

A decision is arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable if it is not the product of a rational mental process by which the facts and the law relied upon are considered together for the purpose of achieving a reasoned and reasonable interpretation.

State v. Pouliot 2020 ND 144
Docket No.: 20200060
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: The 2019 amendment to N.D.C.C. § 39-20-01(3)(b) limits the scope of the exclusion of evidence “to proof of refusals” in an “administrative proceeding.”

A district court’s judgment denying a motion to exclude the chemical test results in a criminal proceeding is affirmed.

Franciere v City of Mandan 2020 ND 143
Docket No.: 20200018
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A judgment granting dismissal based on lack of personal jurisdiction due to insufficient service is modified to dismiss without prejudice, and affirmed as modified.

The district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied a motion to compel discovery when the discovery requests were not related to the issue of personal jurisdiction.

Issues raised for the first time on appeal normally will not be addressed.

Truelove v. State 2020 ND 142
Docket No.: 20190388
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s order denying an application for post-conviction relief after finding that counsel’s representation was not ineffective was not clearly erroneous.

Kalmio v. State 2020 ND 141
Docket No.: 20200011
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Orders denying postconviction relief and a motion to reconsider are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Dale Exploration, et al. v. Hiepler, et al. 2020 ND 140
Docket No.: 20190338
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Under the law of the case doctrine, a party cannot relitigate issues on a second appeal which were resolved in the first appeal or which would have been resolved if they had been properly presented in the first appeal.

A successor trustee may be substituted as a party in an action after the death of the trustee.

The death of the settlor and trustee of a revocable trust does not preclude a district court from ordering specific performance from trust property.

State v. Blake 2020 ND 139
Docket No.: 20190394
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment entered after a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Poole v. State 2020 ND 138
Docket No.: 20200012
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s order dismissing an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Stoneart OFS LLC, et al. v. WSI 2020 ND 137
Docket No.: 20200063
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment affirming an administrative law judge’s order is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5).

State v. James 2020 ND 136
Docket No.: 20190223
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: The deprivation of the right to counsel is a structural error. This Court reviews an alleged denial of a defendant’s right to counsel de novo.

Rule 11 (b)(1)(C) of the North Dakota Rules of Criminal Procedure does not extend beyond the procedure for accepting a plea of guilty.

Rule 11(b)(1)(C) of the North Dakota Rules of Criminal Procedure does not impose a duty on the court to inform non-indigent defendant that the court may appoint an attorney to represent him at his own expense if he was unable to retain his own attorney.

Rule 44(a)(3) of the North Dakota Rules of Criminal Procedure permits the court to appoint an attorney to represent a non-indigent defendant at their own expense if they are unable to retain their own attorney.

A defendant knowingly and intelligently waives their right to counsel when they are informed that they will be held to the same standards as an attorney.

Objections to a search warrant cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.

When an issue is not raised in the trial court, even a constitutional issue involving a defendant’s right to confront witnesses, this Court will not address the issue on appeal unless the alleged error rises to the level of obvious error.

Brown v. Brown 2020 ND 135
Docket No.: 20190390
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A “full hearing” under N.D.C.C. § 14-07.1-02(4) requires a petitioner to prove his or her petition through testimony, rather than affidavits alone.

Oien v. State 2020 ND 134
Docket No.: 20200030
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The denial of a defendant’s application for post-conviction relief for misuse of process is affirmed pursuant to N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

State v. Bethancorth 2020 ND 133
Docket No.: 20200020
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment for criminal trespass entered after a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Kremer v. State 2020 ND 132
Docket No.: 20190408
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: To establish prejudice under Strickland in a plea bargain situation, the petitioner must allege facts that, if proven, would support a conclusion that rejection of the plea bargain would have been rational because valid defenses existed, a suppression motion could have undermined the prosecution’s case, or there was a realistic potential for a lower sentence. A defendant’s subjective, self-serving statement that, with competent advice, he would have insisted on going to trial is insufficient to establish prejudice under Strickland in a plea bargain situation.
The provisions of N.D.R.Crim.P. 11 are mandatory, and substantial compliance is required to ensure a defendant knowingly and voluntarily enters a guilty plea. Although N.D.R.Crim.P. 11 does not require ritualistic compliance, a court must substantially comply with the rule’s procedural requirements to ensure a defendant is entering a voluntary and intelligent guilty plea.

Avery v. Boysen 2020 ND 131
Docket No.: 20190199
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A party seeking relief in motions for reconsideration and for new trial has the burden to affirmatively establish the district court abused its discretion denying the motions.
The district court has broad discretion over the presentation of evidence and conduct of a trial, in addition to whether to grant a motion for a continuance, and the court’s decision will not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.

Nelson, et al. v. Nelson 2020 ND 130
Docket No.: 20190347
Filing Date: 6/8/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: This Court will dismiss an appeal as moot if the issues become academic and there is no actual controversy left to be determined.

The failure to obtain a stay pending appeal may moot issues raised on appeal.

Matter of Emelia Hirsch Trust 2020 ND 129
Docket No.: 20200047
Filing Date: 6/8/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court orders denying a motion to vacate and prohibiting a vexatious litigant from filing new or additional litigation are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(1) and (4).

Davies v. State (consolidated w/ 20190341 & 20190342) 2020 ND 128
Docket No.: 20190340
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment dismissing an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Mooney 2020 ND 127
Docket No.: 20190333
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment entered after a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Rustad v. Baumgartner 2020 ND 126
Docket No.: 20190276
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The “law of the case” doctrine is the principle that if an appellate court has passed on a legal question and remanded the case to the court below for further proceedings, the legal question thus determined by the appellate court will not be differently determined on a subsequent appeal in the same case where the facts remain the same. The mandate rule, a more specific application of law of the case, requires the trial court to follow pronouncements of an appellate court on legal issues in subsequent proceedings of the case and to carry the appellate court's mandate into effect according to its terms.
A parent moving to modify parenting time must show that a material change in circumstances has occurred since entry of the prior parenting time order and that modification is in the child’s best interests.
A district court’s decision on parenting time is a finding of fact, which will not be reversed on appeal unless it is clearly erroneous.

Estate of Sande 2020 ND 125
Docket No.: 20190171
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Affirmative defenses must be pled or are waived.
Whether there is an accord and satisfaction or the existence of a waiver are questions of fact.
Whether a personal representative breached a fiduciary duty is a question of fact.

State v. Powley (consolidated w/ 20190324) 2020 ND 124
Docket No.: 20190323
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Warrantless search of a parolee’s cell phone was reasonable where the probationer was incarcerated for aggravated assault, the parolee’s conditions of parole included a search clause, and law enforcement officers had reasonable suspicion parolee’s cell phone contained communications between parolee and victim of aggravated assault.
Conditions of parole may apply when a person is incarcerated until such time as parole is terminated or revoked.

State v. Selzler (consolidated w/ 20190357) 2020 ND 123
Docket No.: 20190355
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s order granting a motion to suppress evidence subsequent to an invalid traffic stop of a vehicle is affirmed.

State v. Stenbak 2020 ND 122
Docket No.: 20190401
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The criminal judgment entered after a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

State v. McGowen 2020 ND 121
Docket No.: 20190225
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The district court did not abuse its discretion by granting a continuance. Evidence was sufficient to support guilty verdicts, and the district court did not err when it ordered the defendant to pay restitution for injuries caused by the defendant’s assaults.

State v. Washington 2020 ND 120
Docket No.: 20190320
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court properly denied a motion to suppress by correctly applying the remedy for unlawful official conduct in a preventing-arrest case by permitting the defendant to raise the factual defense of unlawfulness.

State v. Soucy 2020 ND 119
Docket No.: 20190329
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Judicial notice is governed by N.D.R.Ev. 201. A district court must take notice only if a party requests it and supplies the court with the necessary information.

State v. Yoney 2020 ND 118
Docket No.: 20190269
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A party may not challenge as error a ruling or other trial proceeding invited by that party. The obvious error analysis under N.D.R.Crim.P. 52(b) does not apply to errors waived through the doctrine of invited error.

This Court reviews an alleged inconsistent verdict by examining both the law of the case and the evidence to determine whether the verdict is logical and probable or whether it is perverse and clearly contrary to the evidence.

Under N.D.R.Crim.P. 52(a), an error that does not affect substantial rights is harmless and must be disregarded.

Morales v. State 2020 ND 117
Docket No.: 20200019
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Section 29-32.1-01, N.D.C.C., only permits a person who has been convicted of a crime to apply for post-conviction relief. When a criminal judgment has been reversed and remanded by this Court an individual has not been convicted of a crime and is not entitled to post-conviction relief.

Gerving v. Gerving, et al. 2020 ND 116
Docket No.: 20190253
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: In divorce cases, the district court must make an equitable property distribution.

Kling v. NDDOT 2020 ND 115
Docket No.: 20200024
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment affirming an administrative suspension of driving privileges for a period of 91 days is affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

Axtman v. Axtman 2020 ND 114
Docket No.: 20190300
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(a), a district court may amend a judgment to correct a mistake resulting from an oversight or omission that causes the judgment to fail to reflect the court’s intent.
Under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(a), a district court must provide notice to the parties before it amends a judgment on its own.

Voigt v. Nelson 2020 ND 113
Docket No.: 20190285
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Paternity
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Section 8.6, N.D.R.Ct., governs parenting investigators and incorporates the code of conduct. The code of conduct provides a parenting investigator should aggressively strive to achieve professional independence and objectivity.

A judgment establishing paternity and granting primary residential responsibility and decision making authority for non-emergency healthcare decision to one parent when the parties cannot agree is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Dellinger v. Wolf, et al. 2020 ND 112
Docket No.: 20190301
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The Declaratory Judgment Act does not provide statutory authorization for immediate appeals of decisions concerning insurers’ duty to defend.

Thiel v. Thiel 2020 ND 111
Docket No.: 20200002
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court orders denying motions for continuance and for appointment of a parenting investigator and a divorce judgment are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Sims v. Sims, et al. 2020 ND 110
Docket No.: 20190248
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: Extended parenting time with a fit non-custodial parent is routinely awarded if the child is old enough, absent a reason for denying it.

A district court’s property valuations and distribution in a divorce case are findings of fact, which will not be reversed on appeal unless they are clearly erroneous.

The district court may not order a property distribution that is inconsistent with the parties’ settlement agreement without providing an explanation for its decision.

The court may not order remedial sanctions for contempt without a finding of contempt.

Horvath v. State 2020 ND 109
Docket No.: 20190344
Filing Date: 6/2/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s order denying an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Traynor Law Firm v. State, et al. 2020 ND 108
Docket No.: 20190310
Filing Date: 5/14/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court judgment determining the State is responsible to pay attorney’s fees for removal of a county officer is affirmed and awarding interest at 6% per year is reversed.

Jacobs-Raak v. Raak, et al. 2020 ND 107
Docket No.: 20190123
Filing Date: 5/7/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Only judgments and decrees constituting a final judgment and specific orders enumerated by statute are appealable.

A two-step analysis is used to evaluate the finality of orders for review: the order or judgment must be appealable under N.D.C.C. § 28-27-02, and the requirements of N.D.R.Civ.P. 54(b), if applicable, must be met.

The district court has broad discretion in making contempt decisions, which will only be disturbed on appeal if the court abused its discretion.

The district court errs as a matter of law if it fails to comply with the child support guidelines in determining an obligor’s child support obligation.

An agreement purporting to relieve an obligor of any current or future duty of child support is void.

State v. Wayland 2020 ND 106
Docket No.: 20190274
Filing Date: 5/7/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: Although the reason for the continuance is absent from the record, under de novo review a district court did not violate the Appellant’s right to a speedy trial by continuing the trial to a later date.

Albrecht v. Albrecht, et al. 2020 ND 105
Docket No.: 20190222
Filing Date: 5/7/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A motion to dismiss a complaint under N.D.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) tests the legal sufficiency of the statement of the claim presented in the complaint.

A district court’s decision granting a motion to dismiss is reviewed de novo on appeal.

To have standing to litigate an issue, a party must have suffered some injury from the putatively illegal action and must assert the party’s own legal rights and interests.

Arnold, et al. v. Trident Resources, et al. 2020 ND 104
Docket No.: 20190322
Filing Date: 5/7/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s order imposing sanctions for contempt did not provide a sufficient record to review the appropriateness of the sanction.

Decker v. WSI, et al. 2020 ND 103
Docket No.: 20200014
Filing Date: 5/7/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court judgment affirming an administrative law judge’s decision denying further workers’ compensation benefits is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5).

Hewitt v. NDDOT 2020 ND 102
Docket No.: 20190389
Filing Date: 5/7/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Copies of official Department of Transportation records may be certified as correct by Department employees who are not acting in a director capacity.

Record custodians are not required to swear an oath of office prior to certifying copies of official records under N.D.R.Ev. 902(4).

State v. Michel 2020 ND 101
Docket No.: 20190319
Filing Date: 5/7/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court’s response to a jury request for supplemental instructions is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.

The identity of the victim is not an element of theft and may be disregarded as surplusage.

A victim is entitled to be made whole through a reasonable restitution based on the entirety of his actual losses.

Page 17 of 125