Opinions

McGath v. Waide 2018 ND 234
Docket No.: 20180159
Filing Date: 11/6/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court disorderly conduct restraining order is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Prairie Winds Apartments 1, LLC v. Stark County Board of Commissioners (cons 2018 ND 233
Docket No.: 20180149
Filing Date: 11/6/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: To properly appeal a board of county commissioners’ decision relating to tax matters, a landowner must file a notice of appeal on a board member and the state tax commissioner within thirty days of the board’s decision.

Vacancy in Judgeship No. 2, East Central Judicial District 2018 ND 232
Docket No.: 20180334
Filing Date: 10/18/2018
Case Type: Judicial Administration - Rule - Rule
Author: Per Curiam

Knapp v. Commissioner of Minnesota Department of Revenue, et al. 2018 ND 231
Docket No.: 20180013
Filing Date: 10/15/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A court may issue a writ of prohibition to prevent an inferior tribunal from acting without or in excess of jurisdiction when there is no plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.

State v. Schlieve 2018 ND 230
Docket No.: 20180108
Filing Date: 10/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment revoking probation and sentencing defendant to five years imprisonment summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7).

State v. Brown (consol. w/ 20180092) 2018 ND 229
Docket No.: 20180091
Filing Date: 10/10/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court decision to dismiss a criminal charge is reviewed for abuse of discretion.

An exception to the definition of “manufacturing” exists when “preparation” or “compounding” of a controlled substance is done by an individual for the individual's own use. But “preparation” and “compounding” are only two of six statutory methods of manufacturing a controlled substance. The remaining four acts of “manufacturing” are “production,” “propagation,” “conversion,” or “processing.” Each of the remaining four acts can be done by an individual for individual use and still meet the statutory definition of “manufacturing.”

At a preliminary hearing, the State is not required to prove with absolute certainty or beyond a reasonable doubt that a crime occurred.

The element of intent rarely is established by direct evidence, and is a question for the jury if there is sufficient evidence to support an inference of the required intent.

Cass County Joint Water Resource District v. Erickson, et al. 2018 ND 228
Docket No.: 20180028
Filing Date: 10/9/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: An owner whose property has been taken by condemnation is entitled to compensation for the property at the highest and best use.

The district court has discretion to award attorney fees and costs in an eminent domain action under N.D.C.C. § 32-15-32, even if the court’s damage award is less than the amount offered.

Johnson, et al. v. Statoil Oil & Gas LP, et al. 2018 ND 227
Docket No.: 20180050
Filing Date: 10/3/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: Pugh clauses require an individualized analysis.

Under N.D.C.C. § 9-07-16, when there is a conflict in provisions of a contract, the purely original portions prevail over boilerplate language from a form contract.

Korb v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2018 ND 226
Docket No.: 20180106
Filing Date: 10/3/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Accurate additional language provided by an officer does not alter the sufficiency of a complete, accurate implied consent advisory under N.D.C.C. § 39-20-01(3).

Testimony from an officer describing the steps taken in sealing and packaging a blood vial showed scrupulous compliance with Form 104.

State v. Wallace 2018 ND 225
Docket No.: 20170459
Filing Date: 10/3/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: Before accepting a guilty plea, the district court must inform the defendant of and determine that the defendant understands any mandatory minimum penalty, including any mandatory minimum term of probation.
When making a recusal decision, the assigned judge must determine whether a reasonable person could, on the basis of all the facts, reasonably question the judge’s impartiality.

DeForest v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2018 ND 224
Docket No.: 20180140
Filing Date: 10/3/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: District court judgment finding an incomplete implied consent advisory and reversing the suspension of driver’s license is reversed. The Department’s decision is affirmed, and the appellee’s driving privileges are suspended for 91 days.

IRET Properties, et al. v. Williams County Board of Commissioners 2018 ND 223
Docket No.: 20180070
Filing Date: 10/3/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Motion to dismiss granted.

Interest of S.R. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 222
Docket No.: 20180346
Filing Date: 10/3/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Mental Health
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An appeal from a district court order granting Prairie St. John’s Hospital’s request to involuntarily treat S.R. with prescription medication is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Estate of Moore 2018 ND 221
Docket No.: 20170332
Filing Date: 10/3/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A contract’s language governs its interpretation if the language is clear and explicit and does not involve an absurdity.
The general partnership laws, N.D.C.C. chapters 45-13 through 45-21, govern a partnership to the extent a partnership agreement does not otherwise provide.

Tamba v. State 2018 ND 220
Docket No.: 20180046
Filing Date: 10/3/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying post-conviction relief summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

Borsheim Builders Supply, Inc. v. Manger Insurance, Inc., et al. 2018 ND 218
Docket No.: 20180082
Filing Date: 9/25/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Insurance
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Summary judgment is a procedural device for the prompt resolution of a controversy on the merits without a trial if there are no genuine issues of material fact or inferences that can reasonably be drawn from undisputed facts, or if the only issues to be resolved are questions of law.

The burden of proof rests on a party claiming coverage under an insurance policy, but the insurer has the burden of establishing the applicability of exclusions.

State v. Wangstad 2018 ND 217
Docket No.: 20170452
Filing Date: 9/25/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: It is not obvious error for a district court to admit into evidence statements concerning a defendant’s prior bad acts at the defendant’s request.

When a defendant does not object to jury instructions at trial, this Court’s review is limited to whether the jury instructions constitute plain error.

When considering a challenge to sufficiency of the evidence, this Court draws all reasonable inferences in favor of the verdict.

State v. Bohe 2018 ND 216
Docket No.: 20170456
Filing Date: 9/25/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: If a law enforcement officer fails to provide a driver the complete statutory implied consent advisory after the defendant’s arrest and before the driver’s submission to the chemical test, the result is inadmissible in any criminal or administrative proceeding.

The United States Supreme Court decision in Birchfield v. North Dakota did not abrogate the statutory advisory or admissibility standard.

State v. Seidel 2018 ND 215
Docket No.: 20180035
Filing Date: 9/25/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court may impose both a maximum probation sentence and a maximum imprisonment sentence for misdemeanors.

Constitutional issues will not be considered for the first time on appeal.

Riskey v. Riskey (consolidated w/20170393) 2018 ND 214
Docket No.: 20170392
Filing Date: 9/20/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A trust is void or subject to reformation by the court to the extent its creation was induced by fraud, duress, or undue influence.
The “law of the case” doctrine and the scope of the parties’ appeal define the parameters of review on appeal.
Claims of undue influence can be properly disposed of by summary judgment when the parties claiming undue influence have failed to support their opposition to the summary judgment motion with sufficient facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.

WSI v. Beaulieu, et al. 2018 ND 213
Docket No.: 20180037
Filing Date: 9/13/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: WSI may not issue a permanent impairment award unless identified and quantified within the sixth edition of the American Medical Association’s “Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.”
For purposes of a permanent impairment award, a doctor evaluating permanent impairment must include a clinical report in sufficient detail to support the percentage ratings assigned.

Nelson, et al. v. Nelson 2018 ND 212
Docket No.: 20170356
Filing Date: 9/13/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The determination of mental capacity and whether undue influence exists are ordinarily questions of fact.

A district court’s decision regarding discovery matters will not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.

Whether a cotenant has ousted another cotenant from property is a question of fact.

A tenant in common who has ousted his cotenant is liable to the cotenant for rent or for use of the property.
In exercising its discretion in a partition action, the district court has great flexibility in fashioning appropriate relief for the parties.

A district court has broad discretion over evidentiary matters.

Davies v. State 2018 ND 211
Docket No.: 20180059
Filing Date: 9/13/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Summary disposition is generally inappropriate for post-conviction claims of ineffective assistance of counsel because the underlying record and transcripts do not fully develop the record.

In opposing a State’s motion for summary disposition, an applicant for post-conviction relief may not merely rely on the pleadings or on unsupported conclusory allegations but must present competent admissible evidence by affidavit or other comparable means which raises an issue of material fact. A verified application for post-conviction relief may be treated as an affidavit to provide evidence to resist a motion for summary disposition.

If the petitioner raises an issue of material fact in resisting summary dismissal of an application for post-conviction relief, the petitioner is entitled to an evidentiary hearing.

When a criminal defendant is charged with continuous sexual abuse of a child, the charging document need not include specific dates of the sexual abuse.

Schoon v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2018 ND 210
Docket No.: 20180049
Filing Date: 9/13/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: If a law enforcement officer fails to provide a driver the complete statutory implied consent advisory after the defendant’s arrest and before the driver’s submission to the chemical test, the result is inadmissible in any criminal or administrative proceeding.

The United States Supreme Court decision in Birchfield v. North Dakota did not abrogate the statutory advisory or admissibility standard.

State v. Hussein 2018 ND 209
Docket No.: 20180008
Filing Date: 9/13/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment for simple assault on a peace officer is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3) and (7). State v. Hannah, 2016 ND 11, ¶ 9, 873 N.W.2d 668.

Pain is a qualifying, but not necessary, circumstance of bodily impairment under N.D.C.C. § 12.1-01-04(4).

State v. Kibble 2018 ND 208
Docket No.: 20180023
Filing Date: 9/13/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment against defendant following a jury verdict of guilty of one count of aggravated assault is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Interest of I.N. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 207
Docket No.: 20180291
Filing Date: 9/13/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An appeal from a juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Greer v. Global Industries, et al. 2018 ND 206
Docket No.: 20170453
Filing Date: 8/30/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Barna, Guzy & Steffen, Ltd. v. Johnson, et al. 2018 ND 205
Docket No.: 20170340
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Foreclosure
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Conclusory allegations in a brief, without citation to any evidence in the record to support the contentions, are insufficient to raise a genuine issue of material fact to defeat summary judgment or to show the district court abused its discretion in denying a motion for relief from judgment.

Courts do not apply statutes or rules differently when parties are self-represented.

Several contracts relating to the same matter between the same parties and made a part of substantially one transaction must be construed together

Tornabeni v. Creech, et al. 2018 ND 204
Docket No.: 20180016
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

State v. Finneman 2018 ND 203
Docket No.: 20170400
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The procedure for transitioning from a charged greater offense to a lesser included offense requires an acquittal for the greater offense before consideration of the lesser included offense.

If an accused establishes a forfeited obvious error affects substantial rights, an appellate court has discretion to correct the error and should correct it if it seriously affects the fairness, integrity or public reputation of the judicial proceeding.

Gustafson v. Poitra, et al. 2018 ND 202
Docket No.: 20170423
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: An express determination on subject matter jurisdiction in a prior action can be given res judicata effect.

The inherent sovereign powers of an Indian tribe generally do not extend to activities of nonmembers on non-Indian fee land, but a tribe may regulate through taxation, licensing, or other means, the activities of nonmembers who enter consensual relationships with the tribe or its members, through commercial dealings, contracts, leases or other arrangements, and a tribe may also exercise civil authority over the conduct of non-Indians on fee lands within the reservation when the conduct threatens or has some direct effect on the political integrity, the economic security, or the health or welfare of the tribe.

Interest of D.D. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 201
Docket No.: 20180207
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Mental Health
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Interest of J.B. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 200
Docket No.: 20170460
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Juvenile Law
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Knudson v. Knudson 2018 ND 199
Docket No.: 20170435
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: In a divorce action, the district court must consider the needs of the spouse requesting spousal support and the ability of the other spouse to pay.

The definition of “gross income” in the child support guidelines is very broad and is intended to include any form of payment to an obligor which is not specifically excluded under the guidelines.

An oil and gas lease bonus is self-employment income for purposes of the child support guidelines.

State v. Pickens 2018 ND 198
Docket No.: 20170405
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

State v. Simon (consol. w/ 20170404) 2018 ND 197
Docket No.: 20170374
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

State v. Corona 2018 ND 196
Docket No.: 20180077
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

State v. Rose 2018 ND 195
Docket No.: 20180015
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

State v. Brickle-Hicks 2018 ND 194
Docket No.: 20180004
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A district court’s decision to deny a defendant’s motion to suppress evidence will not be reversed on appeal if there is sufficient competent evidence capable of supporting the court’s findings and if its decision is not contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.

Interest of E.P. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 193
Docket No.: 20180271
Filing Date: 8/28/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An appeal from a juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Riemers v. Jaeger 2018 ND 192
Docket No.: 20180274
Filing Date: 8/3/2018
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Mandamus
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A writ of mandamus may be issued to compel performance of an act which the law specifically enjoins as a duty resulting from an office.
The plain language of N.D.C.C. 16.1-16-01(1)(a) requires an automatic recount when an individual fails to be nominated in a primary election by one percent or less of the highest vote cast for a candidate for the office sought and does not require the candidate with the highest vote to be in the same political party as the individual obtaining the recount.

Interest of M.S.H. (CONFIDENTIAL)(consolidated w/20180173 & 20180174) 2018 ND 191
Docket No.: 20180172
Filing Date: 8/1/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An appeal from a juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of A.T. (Confidential) 2018 ND 190
Docket No.: 20180269
Filing Date: 7/31/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating a mother's parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

N.D. Legislative Assembly, et al. v. Burgum 2018 ND 189
Docket No.: 20170436
Filing Date: 7/30/2018
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Mandamus
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The Governor cannot withdraw a veto or otherwise concede it was ineffective.
An "item" in an appropriation bill may be vetoed in its entirety, but it may not be reduced or scaled. If the "item" is an appropriation included in a larger subdivision or otherwise aggregated into a larger appropriation, the effect of an item veto is to subtract the item from the larger total. The Governor may strike words or numbers in a bill, but he may not insert them.
The Legislative Assembly may not insulate an item from veto by including it within a larger appropriation, funding that larger appropriation from multiple special funds, or failing to identify the funding source for the item. In the context of a legislative appropriation, the Legislative Assembly must specify (1) the amount, (2) the object or purpose for which the amount is authorized, and (3) the fund from which the amount is set apart.
The item veto power does not authorize the Governor to veto any part of a statement of legislative intent.

Disciplinary Board v. Turcotte 2018 ND 188
Docket No.: 20180262
Filing Date: 7/30/2018
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer Suspension ordered.

Disciplinary Board v. Bruhn 2018 ND 187
Docket No.: 20180243
Filing Date: 7/30/2018
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer Suspension ordered.

Disciplinary Board v. Bruhn 2018 ND 186
Docket No.: 20180242
Filing Date: 7/30/2018
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer Suspension ordered.

State v. Biwer 2018 ND 185
Docket No.: 20170458
Filing Date: 7/26/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Conclusory or bare information is not sufficient for probable cause to obtain a search warrant.
Information obtained from named members of the public with corroborating independent investigation by police may establish a nexus between the place to be searched and the contraband sought.,br> The North Dakota Constitution does not provide greater protection than the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Kovalevich v. State 2018 ND 184
Docket No.: 20180109
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Under N.D.C.C. § 29-32.1-01(3)(a)(1), a court may consider an application for post-conviction relief on the basis of newly discovered evidence outside of the general two-year statute of limitations if the petitioner meets the four-pronged test set forth in Greywind v. State, 2004 ND 213,  18, 689 N.W.2d 390.

Johnston Land Company, LLC v. Sorenson, et al. 2018 ND 183
Docket No.: 20170403
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A justiciable controversy subject to appellate jurisdiction exists when a district court order does not fully dispose of the petitioner's claims.
An affidavit filed with a county recorder that claims no interest in property is not a nonconsensual common-law lien

Kalmio v. State 2018 ND 182
Docket No.: 20170437
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court has discretion to allow amendments to pleadings.
An applicant for post-conviction relief may claim ineffective assistance of appellate counsel.
A district court clearly errs by finding an applicant for post-conviction relief did not meet his burden on the first Strickland prong, despite appellate counsel waiving an evidentiary argument on direct appeal because counsel erroneously believed the issue would have a greater chance of success in a post-conviction relief action.

Interest of Voisine 2018 ND 181
Docket No.: 20170442
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: When an individual petitions for discharge from commitment as a sexually dangerous individual, the State must prove the individual remains a sexually dangerous individual by clear and convincing evidence.
In sexually dangerous individual proceedings, expert testimony will not be reweighed on appeal. A choice between two permissible views of the weight of the evidence is not clearly erroneous.

Gerrity Bakken, LLC v. Oasis Petroleum North America LLC, et al. 2018 ND 180
Docket No.: 20180017
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Deeds must be construed as a whole to give effect to each provision, if reasonably possible.
The law presumes that differently spelled names refer to the same person when they sound alike or when common usage has by corruption or abbreviation made their pronunciation identical.
A quiet title judgment is not binding on any persons having interests in leases and wells who were not made parties to the action.
A non-party may maintain a suit to set aside an allegedly damaging judgment if he has an interest which is jeopardized by enforcement of the judgment and the circumstances support a present grant of relief.

Ramirez v. Walmart 2018 ND 179
Docket No.: 20180027
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Although an order dismissing a complaint without prejudice is generally not appealable, when a statute of limitations has run, a dismissal without prejudice is appealable because it forecloses litigation in the plaintiff's chosen forum.
The retaliatory discharge statute prohibits an employer from discharging an employee for reporting illegalities, and was not intended to protect an employee who acts for a purpose other than exposing an illegality.

Interest of B.H. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 178
Docket No.: 20180165
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The findings in an oral order may control if they are not inconsistent with the written order.
Even if a juvenile court finds that a child has been subjected to aggravated circumstances pursuant to N.D.C.C. § 27-20-44(1)(b), it does not abuse its discretion by denying a termination of parental rights if it concludes the child's welfare will not be seriously affected.

Bickler, et al. v. Happy House Movers, L.L.P. 2018 ND 177
Docket No.: 20180086
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: This Court does not consider questions that were not presented to the district court and are raised for the first time on appeal.
The moving party bears the burden of establishing sufficient grounds for disturbing the finality of the judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b).

Interest of G.L. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 176
Docket No.: 20170406
Filing Date: 7/18/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Juvenile Law
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: After finding a parent has removed the impediments causing a child's initial deprivation leading to a guardianship, the juvenile court must find exceptional circumstances before it may analyze the child's best interests in continuing the guardianship.
The juvenile court may not delegate determination of a visitation schedule.

State v. Grant 2018 ND 175
Docket No.: 20170443
Filing Date: 7/17/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Obvious error should be noticed on appeal only in exceptional circumstances and when there was a clear deviation from an applicable legal rule under current law.

Haider v. Moen 2018 ND 174
Docket No.: 20170348
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: After requesting the jury to make factual findings relating to treble damages, the district court abuses its discretion by failing to instruct the jury on the statutory treble damages.
The district court has discretion to bifurcate a jury's determination on actual damages from the determination necessary for treble damages.
After a motion in limine is granted, failure to renew objections at trial waives the argument on appeal.

State v. Hunter 2018 ND 173
Docket No.: 20170345
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Whether a defendant voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently waived his Miranda rights depends on the totality of the circumstances.
A lapse of time between a defendant's being given the Miranda warning and the custodial interrogation is one factor in determining whether a defendant has voluntarily waived his rights.
Drug use or fatigue are relevant factors in determining whether a defendant has voluntarily waived his rights.
Physician-patient privilege under N.D.R.Ev. 503 applies only to communications made for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment.

State v. Ngale 2018 ND 172
Docket No.: 20180031
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A reserve deputy, who provides services on a non-salaried basis and has full arrest authority, is not required to be licensed to perform peace officer law enforcement duties.

State v. Blue (consolidated w/20170388) 2018 ND 171
Docket No.: 20170387
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Article I, Section 25(1)(n), N.D. Const., and N.D.C.C. 12.1-32-08(1)(b) are not in conflict, and the court must attempt to harmonize a statute and a constitutional provision when possible.
When a claim of disproportionality is made, the court first compares the gravity of the offense to the harshness of the penalty. If the court finds a gross disproportion ality exists, then the court should compare the defendant's sentence with sentences received by other offenders in the same jurisdiction and with sentences imposed for the same crime in other jurisdictions.

State, et al. v. Peltier 2018 ND 170
Docket No.: 20170463
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A state court has subject matter jurisdiction to decide an Indian father's child support obligation if the action does not infringe on the right of Indian tribes to govern themselves.

State v. Jorgenson 2018 ND 169
Docket No.: 20180079
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Orders approving pretrial diversion and orders of restitution are not appealable under N.D.C.C. § 29-28-06.
A pretrial diversion agreement pursuant to N.D.R.Crim.P. 32.2(a) cannot require restitution to be determined by the district court.

City of Bismarck v. Schaffner 2018 ND 168
Docket No.: 20180030
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Entry of a not guilty plea in a criminal bench trial does not preserve the issue of whether city and state laws conflict.

State v. Vanberkom 2018 ND 167
Docket No.: 20180021
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Double jeopardy does not attach when a defendant is assessed an administrative penalty for violation of N.D.C.C. § 39-09-01.1 ("Care required in operating vehicle") and prosecuted for reckless driving under N.D.C.C. § 39-08-03.

State v. Beltran 2018 ND 166
Docket No.: 20180041
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court does not err by instructing a jury on the crime of refusal to submit to a chemical test when there is evidence presented indicating the defendant refused to submit to a breath test.
A party challenging the exclusion of evidence must provide an offer of proof to preserve the issue on appeal.
A district court does not abuse its discretion in denying a defendant's proposed stipulation to his driver's license being under suspension.

Interest of J.J.T. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 165
Docket No.: 20180136
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A parent's delay and obstruction of the legal process may constitute the functional equivalent of a voluntary, knowing, and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel in a proceeding to terminate parental rights.

Siana Oil & Gas Co., LLC v. Dublin Co., et al. (consolidated w/20180010) 2018 ND 164
Docket No.: 20180009
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A county's tax deed gives it title or color of title to the whole estate in the land including the royalty interests.
A tax deed, valid upon its face, creates a presumptive title to the entire estate in the land which continues until it has been overcome by the affirmative action in court, by suit or counterclaim on the part of a person who has a sufficient interest to challenge the title.
Royalty interests cannot be "possessed" for purposes of the statute of limitations or adverse possession.<r> Laches is generally a question of fact.

Odom v. State 2018 ND 163
Docket No.: 20180089
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying petitioner's application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

State v. Everett, Jr. 2018 ND 162
Docket No.: 20170367
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for gross sexual imposition, and order denying motion for a new trial summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3) and (4).

Butts v. State 2018 ND 161
Docket No.: 20180002
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of N.F.F. (CONFIDENTIAL) (consolidated w/20180220 & 20180221) 2018 ND 160
Docket No.: 20180219
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An appeal from a juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Adoption of B.A.T. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 159
Docket No.: 20180137
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating a father's parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

S&B Dickinson Apartments I, LLC, et al. v. Stark County Board of Commissioners 2018 ND 158
Docket No.: 20170428
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: For a court to have subject matter jurisdiction over an appeal, the appealing party must meet the statutory requirements for perfecting the appeal.
To properly appeal a board of county commissioners' decision relating to tax matters, a landowner must file a notice of appeal with the district court and serve the notice of appeal on a board member and the state tax commissioner within thirty days of the board's decision.

State v. Yost (consolidated w/20170359 & 20170360) 2018 ND 157
Docket No.: 20170358
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court does not abuse its discretion in denying a motion to withdraw guilty pleas where the defendant has not shown manifest injustice or upon finding the State would be substantially prejudiced by withdrawal.
A district court need not directly question a defendant about the factual basis for a guilty plea.
An ineffective assistance of counsel claim requires a defendant to establish counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and prejudice by counsel's deficient performance.
A district court may not amend judgments during the pendency of an appeal.

Agri Industries v. Franson, et al. (Consolidated w/20170412) 2018 ND 156
Docket No.: 20170319
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court does not err by granting summary judgment to a mineral developer for damage to a water well when the property owner did not comply with N.D.C.C. § 38-11.1-06, which requires a certified water quality test before proceeding with an action.
A district court errs by granting a motion for prejudgment interest when the unobjected-to jury instruction on awarding interest became the law of the case.

State v. Cullett 2018 ND 155
Docket No.: 20170390
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment entered after a jury found Cullett guilty of terrorizing is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Chase v. State 2018 ND 154
Docket No.: 20180073
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court's order denying an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

Tillich, et al. v. Bruce, et al. 2018 ND 153
Docket No.: 20170438
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An award of costs and attorney fees is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Interest of A.C. (CONFIDENTIAL)(CONSOLIDATED W/20180201) 2018 ND 152
Docket No.: 20180200
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating a father's parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of Z.F.T. (CONFIDENTIAL)(consolidated w/ 20180182-20180185) 2018 ND 151
Docket No.: 20180181
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating a mother's and a father's parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Oien v. State 2018 ND 150
Docket No.: 20180078
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment denying defendant's application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

Matthews v. State 2018 ND 149
Docket No.: 20180060
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment summarily dismissing application for post-conviction relief is affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6) and (7).

RAD Development-Main Street, LLC v. Leunguen-Koundjo, et al. 2018 ND 148
Docket No.: 20170447
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment of eviction is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Kisi 2018 ND 147
Docket No.: 20170373
Filing Date: 7/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgments for gross sexual imposition and accomplice to attempted murder are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3)

Vacancy in Judgeship No. 2, South Central Judicial District 2018 ND 145
Docket No.: 20180224
Filing Date: 6/25/2018
Case Type: Judicial Administration - Rule - Rule
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgeship retained at Bismarck.

Poochigian, et al. v. City of Grand Forks 2018 ND 144
Docket No.: 20170335
Filing Date: 6/11/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Election Contest
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A post-election claim challenging pre-election irregularities is rendered moot by the completion of the election.

Zuraff v. Reiger, et al. 2018 ND 143
Docket No.: 20170441
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court does not clearly err by concluding the domestic violence presumption under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-06.2(1)(j) did not apply because there was insufficient evidence of domestic violence involving serious bodily injury.
A district court does not abuse its discretion by administering an oath from North Dakota to an out-of-state witness and allowing the witness to testify telephonically.

Thompson, et al. v. Johnson 2018 ND 142
Docket No.: 20170357
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A correct finding of an obligor's net income is essential to determine the proper amount of child support.
If the obligor's tax returns are not available or do not reasonably reflect the income from self-employment, profit and loss statements which more accurately reflect the obligor's current status must be used.

Morel v. State 2018 ND 141
Docket No.: 20170380
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A new rule applies retroactively to final convictions in very limited circumstances. Substantive rules are generally applied retroactively because they carry a significant risk that a defendant stands convicted of an act the law does not make criminal or faces punishment the law cannot impose on him.
The rule announced in Birchfield, as it applies to criminal refusal to submit to a warrantless chemical blood test, is substantive and applies retroactively because the State no longer has authority to punish an individual for refusing to submit to a warrantless blood test.

Pettinger v. Carroll 2018 ND 140
Docket No.: 20170376
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: On review of a summary judgment, if reasonable persons could reach only one conclusion from the facts, issues of fact may become issues of law.
Issues not pled or adequately briefed to the district court will not be considered on appeal.

Interest of B.A.K. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2018 ND 139
Docket No.: 20180176
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Mental Health
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court clearly errs by finding an individual is a person requiring treatment under N.D.C.C. § 25-03.1-02 when the evidence does not support the conclusion the individual's mental health deterioration would predictably result in dangerousness to the individual, others, or property.

Rath v. Rath 2018 ND 138
Docket No.: 20170239
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The district court has broad discretion over the presentation of evidence and conduct of a trial, in addition to whether to grant a continuance.
An appellant assumes the consequences and the risks of failing to provide a complete transcript.
A district court does not operate in a vacuum and may take judicial notice of its prior orders.
A district court's orders denying a motion for new trial and motion to reconsider will not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.

Rourke v. State 2018 ND 137
Docket No.: 20170375
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: In order to prevail on a post-conviction relief application based on ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner must (1) "show that counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness" and (2) "show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different."
A district court's findings of fact in post-conviction relief proceedings will not be disturbed unless they are clearly erroneous.

Flaten v. Couture, et al. 2018 ND 136
Docket No.: 20170255
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: If the language of a contract is unambiguous, extrinsic evidence is inadmissible to alter, vary, explain, or change the document.
Generally, a person who contracts as an agent for a nonexistent or fictitious entity will be personally liable on the contract.
A motion to alter or amend a judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 59(j) allows the court to correct errors of law, but the court may decline to consider issues raised for the first time.<br A motion for relief from judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b) is not to be used as a substitute for appeal or to relieve a party from calculated and deliberate choices he has made.

State v. Broom 2018 ND 135
Docket No.: 20170411
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A law enforcement officer may conduct a frisk, or a pat-down search, of a person only when the officer possesses an articulable suspicion that an individual is armed and dangerous.
When conducting an outer clothing pat-down search for weapons, an officer is only entitled to continue to a more intrusive search of a person's inner garments if the pat-down reveals the presence of an object of a size and density that reasonably suggests the object might be a weapon. The purpose of the more invasive search is to ensure officer safety and to determine whether the object is in fact a weapon.

Jensen v. State 2018 ND 134
Docket No.: 20170402
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The right to a preliminary hearing is waived when a defendant fails to raise the issue at an arraignment or change of plea hearing and proceeds to plead guilty.

State v. Erickson 2018 ND 133
Docket No.: 20170320
Filing Date: 6/5/2018
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: If an officer's reasonable suspicion is dispelled after lawfully stopping an individual, the officer may make contact with the individual only to briefly explain the reason for the stop.