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1401 - 1450 of 12382 results

Interest of J.B. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2021 ND 90
Docket No.: 20200238
Filing Date: 5/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The condition that the court may order community placement only when the executive director files a petition requesting it satisfies procedural due process and does not violate the separation of powers doctrine.

State v. Louser, et al. 2021 ND 89
Docket No.: 20200322
Filing Date: 5/20/2021
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Criminal - Writ of Supervision
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A district court’s role to approve or reject amendments to criminal charges does not violate the separation of powers doctrine.

A district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied a motion to amend a criminal charge and rejected a plea agreement. The court followed the legislative directive, explained why the State negotiated the agreement, and explained the court’s reasons for rejecting it.

Kruger, et al. v. Goossen 2021 ND 88
Docket No.: 20200287
Filing Date: 5/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court’s findings of fact after a bench trial are presumptively correct and will not be reversed on appeal unless they are clearly erroneous.

State v. Riggin 2021 ND 87
Docket No.: 20200293
Filing Date: 5/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Infraction
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: Upon the declaration of a state of emergency, the North Dakota Disaster Act of 1985 vests with the governor emergency management powers.

The Legislature may delegate powers which are not exclusively legislative and which the Legislature cannot conveniently do because of the detailed nature.

Where a party fails to provide supporting argument for an issue listed in the appellate brief, the party is deemed to have waived that issue.

Blasi, et al. v. Bruin E&P Partners, et al. (consol. w/ 20200328-331) 2021 ND 86
Docket No.: 20200327
Filing Date: 5/20/2021
Case Type: Certified Question - Civil - Civil
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: The following royalty provision in an oil and gas lease unambiguously establishes a royalty valuation point at the well:

Lessee covenants and agrees:

To deliver to the credit of the lessor, free of cost, in the pipeline to which lessee may connect wells on said land, the equal [fractional] part of all oil produced and saved from the leased premises.

Pemberton v. State (consolidated w/20200182) 2021 ND 85
Docket No.: 20200181
Filing Date: 5/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: To be convicted of attempted murder, the accused must have an intent to kill. Attempted “knowing” murder under N.D.C.C. §§ 12.1-06-01 and 12.1-16-01(1)(a) is a non-cognizable offense.

A federal constitutional error is harmless if we are convinced the error did not contribute to the verdict.

Our determination of whether an error is harmless looks at the effect of the error on this jury, rather than speculating whether a hypothetical jury would convict the defendant absent the error. An erroneous jury instruction informing the jury that it could convict a defendant of a non-cognizable offense would not be cured by an appellate court’s determination that the record evidence unmistakably established guilt of a cognizable offense.

Zander, et al. v. Morsette 2021 ND 84
Docket No.: 20200211
Filing Date: 5/13/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: In a wrongful death action, a plaintiff is entitled to damages for injuries resulting from the death. Damages resulting from negligence preceding the death is not compensable under N.D.C.C. §§ 32-21-02 or 32-03.2-04.

At trial, relevant evidence is admissible, and irrelevant evidence is not admissible. Because the defendant admitted liability for the plaintiff’s damages, evidence of the defendant’s intoxication is not relevant in determining compensatory damages.

If a party fails to object to a jury instruction, this Court’s review is limited to whether a plain error exists in the instructions affecting substantial rights.

Punitive damages may be awarded against a defendant whose conduct is oppressive, fraudulent, or malicious. To support a punitive damages claim, the plaintiff must present sufficient evidence to support a finding that a preponderance of the evidence demonstrates conduct with a state of mind evincing an intent to harm or injure another person.

Atkins v. State 2021 ND 83
Docket No.: 20200266
Filing Date: 5/6/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A district court may summarily dismiss a successive application for post-conviction relief under N.D.C.C. § 23-32.1-09(1) on its own motion before the State answers when the issues raised in the application have been previously decided by this Court.

An applicant for post-conviction relief is entitled to notice that the application may be summarily dismissed. A court’s failure to provide notice prior to summary dismissal constitutes harmless error if a party fails to establish prejudice.

A district court’s error in dismissing an application for post-conviction relief based on an affirmative defense not pleaded by the State does not prejudice the applicant when the court had alternative statutory authority to summarily dismiss the application.

Lizakowski v. Lizakowski 2021 ND 82
Docket No.: 20200269
Filing Date: 5/6/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: An amended divorce judgment is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2), (4), and (7), and double costs and attorney’s fees are awarded under N.D.R.App.P. 38.

City of West Fargo v. Medbery 2021 ND 81
Docket No.: 20200222
Filing Date: 5/6/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: This Court does not weigh conflicting evidence or judge credibility of witnesses on appeal. We will affirm a district court’s decision on a motion to suppress if there is competent evidence capable of supporting the court’s findings, and the decision is not contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.

When a law enforcement officer approaches a parked vehicle to inquire in a conversational manner whether an occupant is okay or needs assistance, the officer is engaged in community caretaking. A community caretaking encounter can lead to a lawful seizure under the Fourth Amendment, provided the officer undertakes the caretaking encounter to aid a person in apparent need of assistance, and during the encounter the officer develops a reasonable and articulable suspicion of criminal activity.

State v. Lafromboise 2021 ND 80
Docket No.: 20200294
Filing Date: 5/6/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court’s decision to grant an extension or a continuance for good cause will not be reversed on appeal unless the court abused its discretion.

Interest of K.V. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2021 ND 79
Docket No.: 20200257
Filing Date: 5/6/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Juvenile Law
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Concerns about officer safety may justify a pat down search for weapons, but a subsequent pocket search must be justified as independently reasonable because they are distinct efforts. A pat down may justify a pocket search when an officer’s tactile perceptions lead to the conclusion the subject possesses a weapon or it is clear from the plain feel the object felt during the pat down is contraband.

The odor of marijuana alone is not sufficient to establish probable cause to search a passenger in a vehicle, but it is a factor that may contribute to a finding of probable cause to conduct a warrantless search under the totality of the circumstances.

Shaw v. State 2021 ND 78
Docket No.: 20200190
Filing Date: 4/28/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

Interest of P.F. (CONFIDENTIAL) (consolidated w/20200284) 2021 ND 77
Docket No.: 20200283
Filing Date: 4/28/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Juvenile Law
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order finding children to be deprived is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of J.O. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2021 ND 76
Docket No.: 20200194
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Juvenile Law
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The termination of a guardianship in one case does not create a factual presumption that a guardianship in a related case should be terminated.

Under N.D.C.C. § 27-20.1-16(3)(c), a petitioner must show by clear and convincing evidence that the circumstances that led to the guardianship no longer exist.

A juvenile court does not need to find exceptional circumstances to extend a guardianship.

Under N.D.C.C. § 27-20.1-17(1), a juvenile court does not need to use the words “good cause” to make a finding rising to the level of good cause.

Sollin, et al. v. Klein 2021 ND 75
Docket No.: 20200202
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A party may waive a personal jurisdiction argument by voluntarily submitting to the personal jurisdiction of the court.

A continuance is the proper remedy for a party claiming unfair surprise.

Before a restraining order may be granted, the petitioner must prove their petition through testimony, rather than by affidavits alone, with an opportunity for cross-examination.

N.B. et al. v. Terwilliger, et al. 2021 ND 74
Docket No.: 20200185
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Personal Injury
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: When a district court answers a jury’s question on a point of law, it is further instructing the jury.

No law requires a district court to give a jury an instruction on the authority to place property in a trust under N.D.C.C. § 30.1-29-09.

Under N.D.R.Civ.P. 59(g), conformance to the evidence and the district court’s instructions negates any assertion that the verdict was rendered under passion or prejudice.

An inadequate jury award provides a basis for a new trial when it is without support in the evidence.

Schmitz v. State Board of Chiropractic Examiners 2021 ND 73
Docket No.: 20200310
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A court must accept as true the well-pleaded allegations in the complaint for purposes of a motion to dismiss under N.D.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6).

City of Glen Ullin, et al. v. Schirado, et al. 2021 ND 72
Docket No.: 20200345
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Summary judgment is appropriate where there is no dispute as to the material facts or the inferences to be drawn from the undisputed facts, or whenever only a question of law is involved.

A party resisting summary judgment cannot rely only on the pleadings, but must present competent admissible evidence raising an issue of material fact.

A district court’s award of attorney’s fees will not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion.

City of Jamestown v. Casarez 2021 ND 71
Docket No.: 20200279
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: An ordinance is not in conflict with a statute where it does not allow that which the statute expressly prohibits.

Jamestown Municipal Code § 21-04-06 is not in direct conflict with N.D.C.C. § 39-08-01.

A person is seized within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution only if, in view of all the circumstances surrounding the incident, a reasonable person would have believed he was not free to leave.

Under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, an officer may, in appropriate circumstances and in an appropriate manner, detain an individual for investigative purposes when there is no probable cause to make an arrest if a reasonable and articulable suspicion exists that criminal activity is afoot.

Big Pines v. Baker, et al. 2021 ND 70
Docket No.: 20200237
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Landlord/Tenant
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A personal guaranty allowing the guarantee to proceed directly against the guarantor without first proceeding against the principal is absolute and unconditional.

Under an absolute guaranty, the guarantor is liable to the guarantee immediately upon the default of the principal.

A decision on an award of attorney’s fees rests in the sound discretion of the district court.

The Supreme Court and the district courts possess concurrent jurisdiction to award attorney’s fees on appeal; however a preference exists that the initial determination be made by the district court.

State v. Landis 2021 ND 69
Docket No.: 20200323
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s criminal judgment following a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P 35.1(a)(3).

State ex rel. Stenehjem v. Maras, et al. 2021 ND 68
Docket No.: 20200304
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The notice requirements for claims against the State of North Dakota or a state employee under N.D.C.C. § 32-12.2-04(1) apply to counterclaims.

Entry of default judgment as a sanction for discovery abuse may be imposed when there is a deliberate or bad-faith non-compliance that constitutes a flagrant abuse or disregard for the discovery rules.

Interest of A.G. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2021 ND 67
Docket No.: 20210075
Filing Date: 4/20/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

State v. Rennie 2021 ND 66
Docket No.: 20200307
Filing Date: 4/14/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The district court did not abuse its discretion by not dismissing the case for failure to timely produce discovery materials.

Interest of F.M.G. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2021 ND 65
Docket No.: 20210087
Filing Date: 4/14/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Mental Health
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s continuing treatment order is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of S.R. (CONFIDENTIAL)(consolidated w/20200215) 2021 ND 64
Docket No.: 20200214
Filing Date: 4/7/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Juvenile Law
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court’s findings of continued deprivation and orders keeping two children in the custody of Three Rivers Human Service Zone are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Kaspari v. Kaspari 2021 ND 63
Docket No.: 20200258
Filing Date: 4/5/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Under N.D.C.C. § 14-05-24.1(1), an award of spousal support must be for “a limited period of time.” An award of spousal support “until death or remarriage” does not comply with N.D.C.C. § 14-05-24.1(1) because it is indefinite and lacks a fixed duration.

Great Plains Royalty Corp. v. Earl Schwartz Co., et al. 2021 ND 62
Docket No.: 20200133
Filing Date: 4/5/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Standing is the concept used to determine whether a party is sufficiently affected to ensure a justiciable controversy exists.

The law of the case doctrine precludes parties from relitigating issues resolved in a prior appeal or issues that would have been resolved had they been properly presented.

Collateral estoppel, or issue preclusion, forecloses relitigation of issues that were decided in a prior action or by necessary implication must have been litigated and decided.

When the district court’s rationale is unclear, remand is appropriate.

Slander of title requires evidence that the defendant acted with malice.

Conversion and unjust enrichment are distinct causes of action.

State v. Bee 2021 ND 61
Docket No.: 20200261
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, § 8, of the North Dakota Constitution protect individuals in their houses against unreasonable searches and seizures. But a warrantless search is not unreasonable if the search of the home falls under one of the exceptions to the warrant requirement.

When no exception exists, any evidence seized is inadmissible under the exclusionary rule and must be suppressed.

State v. Glasser (consolidated w/20200221) 2021 ND 60
Docket No.: 20200220
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Any attempt by the trial court to amend or modify a final judgment is void unless it is made upon grounds provided by statute or by the Rules of Criminal Procedure for correcting or amending a judgment.

Command Center v. Renewable Resources, et al. 2021 ND 59
Docket No.: 20200017
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Debtor/Creditor
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: In an appeal from a bench trial, the trial court’s findings of fact are reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard and its conclusions of law are fully reviewable.

In a bench trial, the trial court decides credibility issues and the supreme court on appeal does not second-guess the trial court on its credibility determinations.

A trial court’s decision to admit or exclude evidence will not be reversed on appeal unless it has abused its discretion.

Business records may be properly admitted into evidence under the business records exception to the hearsay rule.

Indemnity is an equitable remedy which permits a party to recover reimbursement from another for the discharge of a liability that, as between the two parties, should have been discharged by the other.

Somerset Court, et al. v. Burgum, et al. 2021 ND 58
Docket No.: 20200292
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A party waives an issue by not providing supporting arguments, reasoning, or citations to relevant legal authority.

A party abandons an argument by failing to raise it in the party’s appellate brief.

Ryberg, et al. v. Landsiedel 2021 ND 56
Docket No.: 20200189
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Personal Injury
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A settlement agreement is a contract between parties, and thus contract law applies.

The law looks with favor upon compromise and settlement of controversies between parties, and where the settlement is fairly entered into, it should be considered as disposing of all disputed matters which were contemplated by the parties at the time of the settlement.

When a settlement is fairly made before trial, it takes on the character of a contract between the parties and is final and conclusive, and based on good consideration.

Courts will not enforce a contract which is vague, indefinite, or uncertain, nor will they make a new contract for the parties. An oral contract can be enforced only when the parties have agreed on its essential terms.

State v. Richter 2021 ND 55
Docket No.: 20200351
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Attempted promotion of obscenity to minors is not a cognizable offense.

State v. Neugebauer 2021 ND 54
Docket No.: 20200278
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Once a judgment is final, the district court generally loses jurisdiction to alter, amend, or modify that judgment. Unless grounds are provided by statute or by the Rules of Criminal Procedure for correcting or amending a judgment, any attempt by the district court to amend or modify a final judgment is void.

Any party who has timely served and filed a brief requests oral argument, the request must be granted. If a trial court errs in denying a party’s motion without oral argument, the remedy is a remand to allow for oral argument.

Pioneer State Mutual Insurance Co. v. Bear Creek Gravel, et al. 2021 ND 53
Docket No.: 20200170
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Insurance
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Whether a vehicle has been furnished for regular use is a conclusion of fact.

A finding of fact will not be overturned on appeal unless clearly erroneous.

Reasonable time and place restrictions on the use of a vehicle could lead to a conclusion the vehicle was not furnished for a person’s regular use.

State v. Borland 2021 ND 52
Docket No.: 20200053
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A defendant waives the constitutional protection against being placed in double jeopardy after a verdict or judgment against them is set aside at their own instance, either by motion in trial court or upon successful appeal.

The circumstances under which such a defendant may invoke the bar of double jeopardy in a second effort to try him are limited to those cases in which the conduct giving rise to the successful motion for a mistrial was intended to provoke the defendant into moving for a mistrial.

When analyzing a constitutional speedy trial claim, this Court considers the length of the delay, the reason for the delay, the accused’s assertion of the right to a speedy trial, and the prejudice to the accused.

Tebay v. State (consolidated w/ 20200317) 2021 ND 51
Docket No.: 20200316
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6).

Gerving v. Gerving 2021 ND 50
Docket No.: 20200291
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

State v. Walbert 2021 ND 49
Docket No.: 20200197
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Courts possess broad power to control their courtrooms, minimize disruptive behavior, and maintain security.

Restricting movement in and out of a courtroom during testimony of a child witness as an attempt to minimize disruptions did not constitute a closure but instead was within the court’s managerial authority.

Gil v. WSI 2021 ND 48
Docket No.: 20200253
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Timely filing a notice of appeal is jurisdictional and procedural rules may not be used to enlarge periods of time conferring jurisdiction that are definitely fixed by statute.

Saucedo v. State 2021 ND 47
Docket No.: 20200265
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An order denying an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

State v. Stands 2021 ND 46
Docket No.: 20200179
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Sufficient competent evidence existed to show a defendant consented to a search of his person when he shrugged, mumbled, nodded, and lifted his hands.

Requests for consent to search during a traffic stop are permissible so long as they do not prolong and measurably extend the duration of the stop.

An officer may extend or expand the scope of a traffic stop if reasonable suspicion exists or the encounter becomes consensual.

Campbell v. State 2021 ND 45
Docket No.: 20200227
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The issue of ineffective assistance of counsel presents a mixed question of law and fact and is fully reviewable on appeal.

Ineffective assistance of trial counsel claims are ordinarily unsuited to summary disposition without an evidentiary hearing.

Solberg v. McKennett 2021 ND 44
Docket No.: 20200207
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Determining when a cause of action accrues is normally a question of fact, but it becomes a question of law when the material facts are undisputed.

Under the discovery rule the accrual of a claim is postponed until the plaintiff knew, or with the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known, of the wrongful act and its resulting injury.

A party alleging fraud must state with particularity the circumstances constituting fraud.

Breeze v. NDDOT 2021 ND 43
Docket No.: 20200267
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: An officer must be in an immediate pursuit of a person who is endeavoring to avoid arrest for hot pursuit to apply.

State v. Moore (consolidated w/20200081 & 20200082) 2021 ND 42
Docket No.: 20200080
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court should not automatically approve public trial waivers without considering the broader interests in open courts and public trials by conducting pre-closure Waller analysis. A defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to a public trial may be waived if the record reflects a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver. A defendant’s failure to object or acquiescence to a trial closure without a knowing, intelligent, voluntary waiver will be reviewed on appeal as a forfeited error subject only to obvious error review.

A district court may conduct proceedings in chambers in some circumstances, including temporary use of a courtroom as if in chambers. But it is the type of proceeding and not the location of the proceeding that determines the need for the Waller analysis. Jury selection, including proceedings relating to juror questionnaires and challenges for cause, are part of the criminal trial and generally must be held in open court consistent with the Sixth Amendment right to a public trial.

A court’s closure of trial proceedings without having obtained a knowing, intelligent, voluntary waiver and without having considered the Waller factors is obvious error.

A speculative risk to a witness’s counseling relationship with the victim is insufficient standing alone to satisfy the Waller requirement for an overriding interest.

State v. Martinez 2021 ND 42
Docket No.: 20190407
Filing Date: 3/24/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court should not automatically approve public trial waivers without considering the broader interests in open courts and public trials by conducting pre-closure Waller analysis. A defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to a public trial may be waived if the record reflects a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver. A defendant’s failure to object or acquiescence to a trial closure without a knowing, intelligent, voluntary waiver will be reviewed on appeal as a forfeited error subject only to obvious error review.

A district court may conduct proceedings in chambers in some circumstances, including temporary use of a courtroom as if in chambers. But it is the type of proceeding and not the location of the proceeding that determines the need for the Waller analysis. Jury selection, including proceedings relating to juror questionnaires and challenges for cause, are part of the criminal trial and generally must be held in open court consistent with the Sixth Amendment right to a public trial.

A court’s closure of trial proceedings without having obtained a knowing, intelligent, voluntary waiver and without having considered the Waller factors is obvious error.

A speculative risk to a witness’s counseling relationship with the victim is insufficient standing alone to satisfy the Waller requirement for an overriding interest.

State v. Molina 2021 ND 41
Docket No.: 20200247
Filing Date: 3/18/2021
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying a petition for writ of prohibition is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

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