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Muhlbradt, et al. v. Pederson, et al. 2020 ND 187
Docket No.: 20190327
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Deeds are construed in the same manner as contracts with the primary purpose to ascertain and effectuate the parties’ or grantor’s intent.

Whether a deed is ambiguous is a question of law, which is fully reviewable on appeal.

Kvande v. Thorson 2020 ND 186
Docket No.: 20190356
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Laches is the delay in enforcing a person’s rights that disadvantages another, and a party asserting laches must prove he was so prejudiced during the delay that he cannot be restored to status quo.

Equitable estoppel cannot be used to create an enforceable agreement between the parties.

City of Glen Ullin, et al. v. Schirado, et al. 2020 ND 185
Docket No.: 20200075
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court’s application of res judicata to claims concerning rights to real property is partially affirmed and partially reversed.

Koffler v. Koffler 2020 ND 184
Docket No.: 20190378
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A child support obligor’s self-induced reduction in income generally does not constitute a material change in circumstances warranting a modification of a child support obligation.

State v. M.J.W. (consol. w/20200009-20200010) 2020 ND 183
Docket No.: 20200008
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Section 12-60.1-02(1)(a), N.D.C.C., authorizes an individual to petition the district court to seal a criminal record only when the individual had not been charged with a new crime for at least three years from the date of release from incarceration, parole, or probation.

A district court errs when it grants a petition not authorized by statute.

Woodrock, et al. v. McKenzie Cty. 2020 ND 182
Docket No.: 20200066
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A contract to supply aggregate materials to a county stockpile is not a contract for the “construction of a public improvement” under N.D.C.C. ch. 48-01.2.

The county was not required to obtain a bond from a contractor for a contract to supply aggregate materials to stockpiles under N.D.C.C. § 48-01.2-10.

Gimbel v. Magrum, et al. 2020 ND 181
Docket No.: 20190412
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court judgment determining real estate was not acquired by adverse possession or acquiescence is affirmed.

Instasi v. Hiebert 2020 ND 180
Docket No.: 20200037
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A court of this state may modify a child custody determination made by a court of another state if the court of the other state determines it no longer has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction or that a court of this state would be a more convenient forum.

Wilkinson, et al. v. Board of University and School Lands of the State of N.D. 2020 ND 179
Docket No.: 20190354
Filing Date: 8/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Chapter 61-33.1, N.D.C.C., governs the State’s sovereign land mineral ownership of the riverbed segments subject to inundation by the Pick-Sloan Missouri basin project dams and provides a process for determining ownership and returning funds incorrectly paid to the State.

The State does not have any claim or hold title as sovereign lands to any minerals above the ordinary high water mark of the historical Missouri riverbed channel.

When N.D.C.C. ch. 61-33.1 applies to determine ownership of mineral interests, the process provided by the chapter must be followed to decide ownership.

Berg v. Jaeger, et al. 2020 ND 178
Docket No.: 20200184
Filing Date: 8/26/2020
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Injunction
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The supreme court, in exercising its original jurisdiction, may issue a writ of injunction to restrain the commission or continuance of an act.

The five-year residency requirement of N.D. Const. art. V, § 4, relating to holding an executive branch office, does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

A person’s legal residence is a question of fact.

Haugen, et al. v. Jaeger, et al. 2020 ND 177
Docket No.: 20200213
Filing Date: 8/25/2020
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Injunction
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The full-text requirement in N.D. Const. art. III, § 2, prohibits a petition to initiate a measure that would amend the Constitution from incorporating a statute by reference.

Krile v. Lawyer 2020 ND 176
Docket No.: 20190367
Filing Date: 7/30/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: In deciding a motion to dismiss under N.D.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6), district courts may consider materials embraced by the pleadings and materials that are part of the public record without converting the motion to a summary judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 56.

Communications made by a state’s attorney while performing an official duty as prescribed in N.D.C.C. § 11-16-01 are entitled to absolute privilege under N.D.C.C. § 14-02-05(1).

A communication made by a state’s attorney while performing his or her official duty to conduct criminal prosecutions under N.D.C.C. § 11-16-01(1) is absolutely privileged if made while performing an act or during an activity “intimately associated with the judicial phase of the criminal process.”

Disclosures made to an administrative agency, at the request of the agency, and during the course of a statutorily authorized investigation by the agency are absolutely privileged under N.D.C.C. § 14-02-05(2).

Sorum, et al. v. State, et al. 2020 ND 175
Docket No.: 20190203
Filing Date: 7/30/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Tax Realted
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Where the State has a legal obligation that becomes unenforceable by the passage of a statute of limitations, the Legislative Assembly may waive or extend the limitation period to revive a previously valid claim against the State without making a prohibited “donation” within the meaning of the gift clause.

An action brought by an individual as a taxpayer facially challenging a statute does not fail merely because the statute includes constitutional applications along with potentially unconstitutional applications.

Wald v. Wald 2020 ND 174
Docket No.: 20190159
Filing Date: 7/30/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A real property owner may testify about the value of the land without any further qualification or special knowledge.

A district court has broad equitable powers to redistribute property and debts in a postjudgment proceeding if a party fails to comply with an order or judgment.

State v. Greenshields 2020 ND 173
Docket No.: 20190393
Filing Date: 7/27/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s dismissal of a criminal complaint with prejudice is reviewed on appeal for an abuse of discretion.

A party may not collaterally attack a final decision that was not appealed in a subsequent proceeding.

Fredericks, et al. v. Vogel Law Firm, et al. 2020 ND 171
Docket No.: 20190272
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Res judicata prevents relitigation of claims that were raised, or could have been raised, in earlier actions between the same parties or their privies.

A party with a single cause of action generally may not split that cause of action and maintain several lawsuits for different parts of the action.

City of Fargo v. Wieland 2020 ND 170
Docket No.: 20200100
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s order denying a request for post-judgment interest is affirmed.

Neither N.D.C.C. §§ 32-15-29 nor 32-15-30 provide for post-judgment interest on an award in an eminent domain proceedings subsequent to the political subdivision’s deposit of the full amount of the judgment in court.

Interest of K.V. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2020 ND 169
Docket No.: 20190275
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Juvenile Law
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: This Court defers to a juvenile court’s assessment of credibility, but if the court does not make specific findings, this Court is left to speculate as to the law and facts the court relied on in denying a motion.

Beam v. WSI, et. al. 2020 ND 168
Docket No.: 20200067
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A party appealing a hearing officer’s decision must file “reasonably specific” specifications of error detailing which matters are at issue, so as to alert the agency, other parties, and the court of the particular errors claimed.

A rehabilitation plan is appropriate if it meets the requirements of N.D.C.C. ch. 65-05.1 and gives the injured worker a reasonable opportunity to obtain substantial gainful employment.

An ALJ’s decision was supported by evidence from which a reasoning mind could have reasonably concluded WSI’s rehabilitation plan would return Beam to substantial gainful employment in light of his injuries.

Schroeder, et al. v. State 2020 ND 167
Docket No.: 20190374
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: The State is immune from liability for claims relating to an injury directly or indirectly caused by the performance of a public duty, including the State’s duty to maintain the interstate and keep it in good and safe condition for general public use.

The State is immune from liability for claims resulting from a snow or ice condition on a highway except when the snow or ice condition was affirmatively caused by a state employee’s negligent act.

State v. Arends 2020 ND 166
Docket No.: 20190373
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order revoking probation and second criminal judgment is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Varty v. Varty 2020 ND 165
Docket No.: 20190391
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The district court abuses its discretion when it misinterprets or misapplies the law.

A finding of unconscionability under Rule 60(b)(6) of the North Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure requires balancing procedural and substantive findings, and must analyze whether the judgment as a whole was so one-sided and created hardship that relief was required

A.R. Audit Services Inc. v. Young 2020 ND 164
Docket No.: 20200064
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Debtor/Creditor
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court order denying motion for relief under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1) is summarily affirm under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7).

State v. Lindquist 2020 ND 163
Docket No.: 20200022
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment and an order denying a motion to suppress are affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2),(7).

Interest of Skorick 2020 ND 162
Docket No.: 20190349
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: At a civil commitment hearing, the testimony and reports of an expert who conducted an examination are admissible.

A harmless error is one that does not affect a party’s substantial rights.

McCormick, et al. v. Fredericks 2020 ND 161
Docket No.: 20190254
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Jury instructions should fairly inform the jury of the law applicable to the case and fairly cover the claims made by both sides of the case. Jury instructions are reviewed as a whole, and are sufficient if they correctly advise the jury of the law.

A district court’s decision on whether to disqualify a law firm or a lawyer is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.

A court may order judicial supervision of the winding up of a dissolved limited liability company on a member’s application and showing of good cause.

State v. Scott 2020 ND 160
Docket No.: 20190317
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: There is no requirement for the district court to advise defendants they may plead not guilty based on the defense of double jeopardy.

The defense of double jeopardy is not presentable to the jury unless there is a question of fact.

Rule 803(24), N.D.R.Ev., which provides an exception to certain hearsay statements made by a child about sexual abuse, does not apply to non-hearsay testimony.

Laufer v. Doe 2020 ND 159
Docket No.: 20200001
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A party seeking recovery of property damage allegedly caused by a pesticide application must strictly comply with statutory notice requirements under N.D.C.C. § 4.1-33-18.

State v. Metz 2020 ND 158
Docket No.: 20200023
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment entered after a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

State v. Banyee (consolidated w/ 20190281) 2020 ND 157
Docket No.: 20180251
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment and a judgment denying postconviction relief are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Harrison v. State 2020 ND 156
Docket No.: 20200070
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Helm 2020 ND 155
Docket No.: 20190325
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A defendant raising specific grounds in a N.D.R.Crim.P. 29 motion for judgment of acquittal waives on appeal other grounds not asserted in the district court.

City of Jamestown v. Schultz 2020 ND 154
Docket No.: 20190359
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: When an individual has been given a reasonable opportunity to consult with an attorney before deciding to take a chemical test, the individual is not required to be provided with a second chance to consult with an attorney subsequent to making a decision to take the chemical test.

Norby v. Hinesley, et al. 2020 ND 153
Docket No.: 20190337
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court’s decision on a motion to relocate is a finding of fact, which will not be reversed on appeal unless it is clearly erroneous.
A district court must analyze all four Stout-Hawkinson factors in determining whether a custodial parent may relocate out-of-state with a child.

Holter v. City of Mandan 2020 ND 152
Docket No.: 20190277
Filing Date: 7/22/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: This Court exercises a limited review of a challenge to a municipality’s decision to specially assess property.

A municipality has broad discretion to determine benefits and apportion assessments and costs to properties within an improvement district.

The special assessment against a property must not exceed the benefit which has been determined to have accrued thereto.

State v. Harstad 2020 ND 151
Docket No.: 20190400
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court abused its discretion awarding restitution for damages that were not directly related to the criminal conduct.

Zundel v. Zundel, et al. 2020 ND 150
Docket No.: 20190334
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court judgment finding a bill of transfer is void as a result of undue influence is not clearly erroneous.

The court did not abuse its discretion by quashing a post-trial subpoena.

Issues raised for the first time on appeal will not be considered.

State v. Kuntz 2020 ND 149
Docket No.: 20190365
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s order for restitution is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Wisnewski v. Wisnewski 2020 ND 148
Docket No.: 20190209
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: The domestic violence presumption under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-29(2) is only rebutted by clear and convincing evidence.
The absence of physical abuse of a child, use of substances at the time of a domestic violence incident or subsequent treatment for the substance use does not rebut the presumption. The passage of time alone also does not rebut the presumption.

Under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-31(4), when a court finds domestic violence occurred, it shall make orders for the allocation of decision making responsibility that best protects the child, parent, or both.

Child support calculations must state how net income was determined. Under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-29(4), when a parent perpetrates domestic violence as described, fees must be awarded unless those costs would place an undue financial hardship.

Lavallie v. Jay, et al. 2020 ND 147
Docket No.: 20190402
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Personal Injury
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Issues related to subject matter jurisdiction can be raised at any time and cannot be waived.
As a general rule, it is presumed that North Dakota district courts have subject matter jurisdiction, and the party challenging the district court’s subject matter jurisdiction bears the burden of proving the district court lacks subject matter jurisdiction.

Grove v. NDDOT 2020 ND 146
Docket No.: 20200016
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: When a party fails to raise an issue at an administrative hearing, the issue is normally precluded from review on appeal. We will reverse a district court’s decision when the basis of the decision was not raised in the administrative hearing.
A Report and Notice form containing the results of an on-site screening test or tests may be admitted into evidence at an administrative hearing for the purpose of establishing probable cause.

Nat'l Parks Conservation Assn., et al. v. ND Dep't of Environmental Quality, et 2020 ND 145
Docket No.: 20190095
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: An agency’s reasonable interpretation of a regulation is entitled to deference, and an agency’s decision in complex or technical matters involving agency expertise is entitled to appreciable deference.

The legislature is presumed to be aware of judicial construction of a statute, and from its failure to amend a particular statutory provision, it is presumed the legislature acquiesces in that construction.

An agency’s permitting decision is entitled to greater deference than a decision after an adjudicative proceeding, and the final permitting decision is reviewed on appeal to determine whether it is arbitrary, capricious or unreasonable.

A decision is arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable if it is not the product of a rational mental process by which the facts and the law relied upon are considered together for the purpose of achieving a reasoned and reasonable interpretation.

State v. Pouliot 2020 ND 144
Docket No.: 20200060
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: The 2019 amendment to N.D.C.C. § 39-20-01(3)(b) limits the scope of the exclusion of evidence “to proof of refusals” in an “administrative proceeding.”

A district court’s judgment denying a motion to exclude the chemical test results in a criminal proceeding is affirmed.

Franciere v City of Mandan 2020 ND 143
Docket No.: 20200018
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A judgment granting dismissal based on lack of personal jurisdiction due to insufficient service is modified to dismiss without prejudice, and affirmed as modified.

The district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied a motion to compel discovery when the discovery requests were not related to the issue of personal jurisdiction.

Issues raised for the first time on appeal normally will not be addressed.

Truelove v. State 2020 ND 142
Docket No.: 20190388
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s order denying an application for post-conviction relief after finding that counsel’s representation was not ineffective was not clearly erroneous.

Kalmio v. State 2020 ND 141
Docket No.: 20200011
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Orders denying postconviction relief and a motion to reconsider are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Dale Exploration, et al. v. Hiepler, et al. 2020 ND 140
Docket No.: 20190338
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Under the law of the case doctrine, a party cannot relitigate issues on a second appeal which were resolved in the first appeal or which would have been resolved if they had been properly presented in the first appeal.

A successor trustee may be substituted as a party in an action after the death of the trustee.

The death of the settlor and trustee of a revocable trust does not preclude a district court from ordering specific performance from trust property.

State v. Blake 2020 ND 139
Docket No.: 20190394
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment entered after a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Poole v. State 2020 ND 138
Docket No.: 20200012
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s order dismissing an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Stoneart OFS LLC, et al. v. WSI 2020 ND 137
Docket No.: 20200063
Filing Date: 6/29/2020
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment affirming an administrative law judge’s order is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5).

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