Opinions

Berg v. Wysocki 2011 ND 4
Docket No.: 20100179
Filing Date: 1/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A judgment granting primary residential responsibility of a child to one parent, and parenting time to the other, is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2), (4), and (7).

State v. Pelzl 2011 ND 3
Docket No.: 20100227
Filing Date: 1/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment revoking probation summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2), (4), and (7).

State v. Ames 2011 ND 2
Docket No.: 20100224
Filing Date: 1/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order revoking probation is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

State v. Buller 2011 ND 1
Docket No.: 20100215
Filing Date: 1/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Sex offernder registration order summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

American Bank Center v. Wiest, et al. 2010 ND 251
Docket No.: 20100027
Filing Date: 12/23/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Fraud and deceit may be imputed from an agent to the principal.
A principal cannot take the benefit of the transaction conducted by its agent ostensibly on its behalf without assuming full responsibility, not only for his acts, but also for his knowledge.
The adverse interest exception applies only when a third person seeks to enforce some demand against the corporation, but has no application where the corporation seeks to enforce the benefit of a fraud perpetrated by its officer on a third person.
Rescission of a contract is not a matter of absolute right, but instead is committed to the district court's sound discretion.

RECALLND v. Jaeger 2010 ND 250
Docket No.: 20100228
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Mandamus
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: The North Dakota Constitution limits the people's recall power to "certain elected officials" holding offices created under the laws of North Dakota.
The Secretary of State must exercise a certain amount of discretion in carrying out his duties under N.D. Const. art. III, and it is appropriate for him to rely on the Attorney General's opinion when uncertain about a legal question.

Interest of A.B., a Child (CONFIDENTIAL)(CONSOLIDATED W/201000352) 2010 ND 249
Docket No.: 20100351
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: A juvenile court may terminate a parent's right to a child if the court finds the child is a deprived child; the conditions and causes of deprivation are likely to continue; and the child is suffering or will probably suffer serious physical, mental, moral, or emotional harm.

State v. Buckley 2010 ND 248
Docket No.: 20100033
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A conviction for manslaughter does not improperly rely on guilt by omission where the prosecution proves the defendant engaged in conduct recklessly and failed to provide the proper level of care for the victim, the defendant's child.
A trial court does not err by rejecting the defendant's request to instruct the jury on a civil instruction for proximate cause where the statutory definitions of manslaughter and recklessness are sufficient.
Evidence of a defendant's drug possession and use is relevant to criminal charges of drug possession, and to the level of care the defendant's child received from the defendant.
Prejudice resulting from the probative value of evidence does not make the evidence unfairly prejudicial.

Duff v. Kearns-Duff 2010 ND 247
Docket No.: 20100116
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A parent's recent and relative financial contribution to a marriage is an impermissible consideration for analyzing child custody.
Rehabilitative spousal support may be awarded to equalize the burdens of a divorce or to restore an economically disadvantaged spouse to independent status by providing the disadvantaged spouse an opportunity to acquire an education, training, work skills, or experience to become adequately rehabilitated.

State v. Charbonneau 2010 ND 246
Docket No.: 20100089
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The Uniform Controlled Substances Act is not a habitual offender statute.
The term "offense" under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act means "the actor's conduct, not the ultimate conviction."
Under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, a plea or finding of guilty for a prior offense must occur before new criminal conduct occurs.

Grand Forks Housing Authority v. Grand Forks Board of County Commissioners 2010 ND 245
Docket No.: 20100196
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: A housing authority may agree to make payments to the state or a political subdivision in lieu of taxes, even when the property is tax-exempt.
A board of county commissioners does not act arbitrarily, capriciously, or unreasonably when substantial evidence supports its factual findings.
A district court does not abuse its discretion by denying a motion to remand for additional evidence when the party seeking remand had the opportunity, but failed to present such additional evidence at the hearing before the local governing body and when such additional evidence is not material to the district court's review of the local governing body's decision.

State v. Franzen 2010 ND 244
Docket No.: 20100105
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The continued seizure of a traffic violator after the purposes of the initial traffic stop are completed violates the Fourth Amendment unless the officer has reasonable suspicion for believing criminal activity is afoot.
The use of a masking odor and extreme nervousness are relevant factors in deciding whether reasonable suspicion exists.

Pizza Corner v. C.F.L. Transport 2010 ND 243
Docket No.: 20100084
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The business records exception to the hearsay rule can apply to a document created by a third party if the offering company integrated the record into its own records and relied on it, and if the record meets the other requirements of N.D.R.Ev. 803(6).

City of Grand Forks v. Riemers 2010 ND 242
Docket No.: 20100107
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Conviction for driving without liability insurance summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3) and (4).

In the Interest of Voisine 2010 ND 241
Docket No.: 20100163
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Civil commitment of a sexually dangerous individual summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Miller 2010 ND 240
Docket No.: 20100127
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for unlawfully acting in the capacity of a contractor and two counts of theft of property summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3) and (7).

State v. Foss 2010 ND 239
Docket No.: 20100151
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for possession of a controlled substance and unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Cody v. State 2010 ND 238
Docket No.: 20100177
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An order denying post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Gajewski v. State, et al. 2010 ND 237
Docket No.: 20100231
Filing Date: 12/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Constitutional Law
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying motion to vacate judgment summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(1) and (4).

Cavendish Farms v. Mathiason Farms (consolidated w/20100123) 2010 ND 236
Docket No.: 20090380
Filing Date: 12/14/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Although N.D.C.C. 41-01-18 does not authorize a separate, independent claim for relief for breach of the duty of good faith, a failure to perform or enforce a contractual duty or obligation in good faith constitutes a breach of the contract.
A contract to purchase a future crop is a contract for the sale of goods under N.D.C.C. tit. 41, even if the crop has not yet been planted.
When one party is given substantial discretion in its manner of performance of a duty or exercise of a right under a contract, N.D.C.C. 41-01-18 requires that the party exercise that discretion in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner.
An award of damages that is within the range of the evidence presented will be sustained on appeal.

B.D.H., et al. v. Mickelson, et al. 2010 ND 235
Docket No.: 20100152
Filing Date: 12/7/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Personal Injury
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: North Dakota law precludes a child from bringing a claim against medical providers for wrongful life claim in which the child alleges he or she was born with impairments and would not have been born but for a doctor's negligent advice or treatment of the child's mother.

Hoover v. N.D. Dept. of Transportation (cross-reference 20070258) 2010 ND 234
Docket No.: 20100226
Filing Date: 12/7/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A judgment revoking a driver's license is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5).

State v. Huether 2010 ND 233
Docket No.: 20100018
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Voluntary consent is an exception to the warrant requirement, and the prohibition against the warrantless entry of a person's home does not apply when voluntary consent has been obtained from the individual whose property is searched or from a third party who possesses common authority over the premises.
The Fourth Amendment is not violated if police officers reasonably believe a consenting third party has authority over the property, when viewed from the officers' prospective.
In deciding whether a person is in custody for purposes of a Miranda warning, the relevant inquiry is how a reasonable person in that position would have understood the situation.
A trust relationship between an adult and a child is not an impermissible factor for sentencing.

State v. Steffes 2010 ND 232
Docket No.: 20100148
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A Fourth Amendment seizure occurs when a police officer orders a person to do something or demands a response.

Hunt v. Hunt 2010 ND 231
Docket No.: 20100178
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A property division need not be equal to be equitable--especially when a marriage is not long-term--but a substantial disparity must be explained.
Damaging a vehicle and setting fire to a mobile home, regardless of the amount of monetary damage, is serious misconduct the district court can and should consider in an equitable division of property.

State v. Zink 2010 ND 230
Docket No.: 20100117
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence will be affirmed unless there is insufficient competent evidence to support the decision, or unless the decision goes against the manifest weight of the evidence.
Appellate review is limited to issues raised before the district court.

State v. Moore 2010 ND 229
Docket No.: 20100238
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: The substance of a motion, not the district court's label, determines its proper classification.
Res judicata and misuse of process are affirmative defenses that must be raised by the State before a district court may dismiss an application for post-conviction relief on those grounds.

State v. Duffy 2010 ND 228
Docket No.: 20100126
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for assault summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Curran v. N.D. Workforce Safety & Insurance 2010 ND 227
Docket No.: 20090260
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: A preexisting injury is not compensable unless the employment substantially accelerates its progression or substantially worsens its severity.
In a "battle of the experts," WSI, and following the enactment of N.D.C.C. 65-02-22.1, the administrative law judge, may choose to rely upon either party's expert witnesses but must adequately explain its reasoning for disregarding medical evidence favorable to the claimant.

Everett v. State (cross-reference 20080063 and 20090244) 2010 ND 226
Docket No.: 20100222
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Dismissal of application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6) and (7).

Schmidt v. Warwick Public School District #29, et al. 2010 ND 225
Docket No.: 20100129
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment of dismissal in a wrongful termination case is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(1), (4), and (6).

State v. Delaney 2010 ND 224
Docket No.: 20100160
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Conviction for gross sexual imposition is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Blurton v. State 2010 ND 223
Docket No.: 20100182
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An order denying post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (6).

State v. Berglund 2010 ND 222
Docket No.: 20100186
Filing Date: 12/2/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Conviction for a second or subsequent violation of a domestic violence protection order summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Missouri Breaks, et al. v. Burns, et al. 2010 ND 221
Docket No.: 20100124
Filing Date: 11/16/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A bankruptcy court's confirmation of a reorganization plan is binding on the debtor and any creditor, and, for purposes of res judicata, confirmation is a valid, final judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction.
The Bankruptcy Code vests the trustee with the rights of a bona fide purchaser of real property for value and permits the invalidation of security interests in real property which, although enforceable between the parties, are not perfected at the start of the case because the creditor has failed to fully comply with state recording laws.

Markwed Excavating, Inc. v. City of Mandan 2010 ND 220
Docket No.: 20100076
Filing Date: 11/15/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A clause in a construction contract prohibiting a contractor from recovering damages for delay and granting an extension of time is enforceable if the requirements for a valid contract are satisfied.
Unambiguous language in a no damages for delay clause in a construction contract does not include an exception for uncontemplated delays and includes delays allegedly caused by an owner or another contractor.
A no damages for delay clause in a contract between a public entity and a private contractor is not unconscionable.

Wong v. State 2010 ND 219
Docket No.: 20100171
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: A district court cannot on its own put an applicant for post-conviction relief to his proof. Only a party can move for summary disposition under post-conviction relief.

Sanders v. Gravel Products, Inc. (cross-ref w/ 20080001) 2010 ND 218
Docket No.: 20090318
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction over participant or beneficiary suits to recover benefits under an ERISA plan, to enforce rights under the plan, or to clarify rights to future benefits.
"Top hat" plans are not subject to ERISA's requirements for vesting and funding, and administrators of these plans are not subject to ERISA's fiduciary requirements.
A court must interpret a plan's terms by giving the language its common and ordinary meaning as a reasonable person in the position of the plan participant would have understood the words to mean.

State v. Hager 2010 ND 217
Docket No.: 20100090
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Federal securities laws do not preempt state securities laws that require registration of individuals involved in the sale of securities.
The definition of agent for purposes of the North Dakota Securities Act is not limited to third-party individuals who are not employees or owners of the securities issuer.

Gussiaas v. Neustel 2010 ND 216
Docket No.: 20100086
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: A move by a parent with primary residential responsibility either out-of-state or in-state, accompanied by other circumstances, may be viewed as a material change of circumstances.
If a district court finds a material change of circumstances has occurred, the court cannot change primary residential responsibility for the child unless it further finds that the modification is necessary to serve the best interests of the child.
A district court's findings of fact must be stated with sufficient specificity to assist the appellate court's review and to afford a clear understanding of the trial court's decision.

JLY Transport v. WSI 2010 ND 215
Docket No.: 20100156
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: The Workforce Safety & Insurance fund is not required to prove a compensable injury occurred before entering into a stipulated settlement with a worker.

State v. Walker 2010 ND 214
Docket No.: 20100112
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: A defendant may be treated as the principal actor in a crime and convicted of an offense on the basis of the actions of an accomplice.
Neither the State nor a defendant may appeal a sentence alone, but either may appeal a post-judgment order denying a motion to correct an illegal sentence.

Johnson v. State (CONSOLIDATED W/20090322) 2010 ND 213
Docket No.: 20090321
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The Uniform Post-Conviction Procedure Act does not entitle a district court, on its own motion, to dismiss a claim on the basis of the affirmative defenses of res judicata or misuse of process.

Flemming v. Flemming 2010 ND 212
Docket No.: 20100041
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A default divorce judgment is subject to N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b) and is not typically appropriate for appeal.

Masset v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2010 ND 211
Docket No.: 20100098
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Every administrative agency must maintain an official record of each adjudicative proceeding heard by it.

State v. Aguero (Consol. w/ 20090254) 2010 ND 210
Docket No.: 20090241
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: The U.SConstitution forbids the routine use of visible physical restraints during the guilt phase of a criminal trial, unless the use is justified by an essential state interest.
The Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause does not require exclusion of non-testimonial statements.
Miranda warnings carry an implicit assurance that silence will not carry a penalty, and the State may not use a criminal defendant's post-Miranda silence at trial against him.

Holbach v. State (Consolidated w/ 20100142-20100146) 2010 ND 209
Docket No.: 20100141
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court orders denying application for post-conviction relief, order denying motion to amend the judgment, and order on request for return of personal property are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Interest of Disbrow 2010 ND 208
Docket No.: 20100028
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order of commitment as a sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of R.J. (CONFIDENTIAL)(CONS. w/20100299 - 20100303) 2010 ND 207
Docket No.: 20100298
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Juvenile court's order terminating parental rights summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Nelson v. Nelson 2010 ND 206
Docket No.: 20100122
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Divorce judgment denying request for spousal support summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Szklarski 2010 ND 205
Docket No.: 20100087
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment revoking probation summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Johnson (cross ref. 20100001) 2010 ND 204
Docket No.: 20100135
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court order denying a motion to extend the time to file a notice of appeal is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Kidwell v. McLean County et al. 2010 ND 203
Docket No.: 20100168
Filing Date: 11/9/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Per Curiam

Vanderscoff v. Vanderscoff 2010 ND 202
Docket No.: 20100092
Filing Date: 10/26/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: A motion for reconsideration may be treated as a motion to alter or amend a judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 59(j) or as a motion for relief from a judgment or order under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b).
On appeal, a court's decision denying a motion for relief from a judgment or order is reviewed to determine whether the court abused its discretion in ruling the moving party did not establish sufficient grounds for disturbing the judgment or order.

Lange v. Dep't of Transp. 2010 ND 201
Docket No.: 20100096
Filing Date: 10/25/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: An arrestee has the responsibility to assert the right to an independent chemical test for intoxication.
The arrestee suffers the consequences of ambiguities in requesting an independent chemical test for intoxication when a law enforcement officer reasonably does not understand that the arrestee is attempting to assert the right to an independent test.
Law enforcement officers cannot interfere with an arrestee's attempts to secure an independent test, but unless an arrestee has done more than request an independent test, law enforcement does not need to assist the arrestee beyond providing access to a telephone.

Renville v. Renville 2010 ND 200
Docket No.: 20090343
Filing Date: 10/22/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Trial court's valuation of parties' business in divorce proceedings summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

Joyce v. Joyce 2010 ND 199
Docket No.: 20100185
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A prima facie case for a change of primary residential responsibility requires facts that, if proved at an evidentiary hearing, would support a change of custody that could be affirmed if appealed.
An actual arrangement for primary residential responsibility that is substantially different from a prior judgment may constitute a material change in circumstances for a change of primary residential responsibility.

Johnson v. N.D. Workforce Safety & Insurance, et al. 2010 ND 198
Docket No.: 20090371
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: In reapplying for workers compensation disability benefits, a claimant must show both a significant change in a compensable medical condition and an actual wage loss caused by the significant change in the medical condition.

Hoggarth, et al. v. Kropp 2010 ND 197
Docket No.: 20090326
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: "Disorderly conduct" for the purposes of a disorderly conduct restraining order depends on the total behavior of the respondent, not merely the particular content of speech.
A disorderly conduct restraining order must be narrowly tailored as to time and distance to balance the protection interests of the petitioner with the freedom interests of the respondent.

Marsden v. Koop 2010 ND 196
Docket No.: 20090285
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: An extramarital relationship may be relevant to primary residential responsibility if the children were affected by it.
Inherited property is included in the marital estate and is subject to equitable distribution.

R.F. v. M.M., et al. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 195
Docket No.: 20100046
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Paternity
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: When the plaintiff is not the appropriate party to bring an action under a statute, the court must give the party a reasonable time for ratification, joinder, or substitution of the real party in interest before dismissing the action.
A court's decision on grandparent visitation is a finding of fact, which will not be reversed on appeal unless it is clearly erroneous.
A grandparent does not have to have an existing relationship with the child before a court may award grandparent visitation, but the court must find that the visitation is in the child's best interests and that the visitation will not interfere with the parent-child relationship.

Entzie v. Entzie 2010 ND 194
Docket No.: 20100067
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: In calculating a child support obligation, a district court must specifically find an obligor's tax returns are not an adequate reflection of income or are not a reliable indicator of future income before the court can refuse to consider tax return information.
A district court must make specific findings on why averaging the most recent five years of a self-employed obligor's income is insufficient before it may use a shorter period of time to calculate income from self-employment.
An obligor may be found underemployed only after the obligor's income was properly calculated under the child support guidelines.
A district court must state what provision of the guidelines allows the court to impute income to an obligor.

State v. Fischer 2010 ND 193
Docket No.: 20100039
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for assault on a peace officer and terrorizing summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Interest of D.V.A. (CONFIDENTIAL) (Cross-Ref w/20080319) 2010 ND 192
Docket No.: 20100091
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author:

Highlight: Order continuing commitment as sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

State v. Peltier 2010 ND 191
Docket No.: 20100069
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author:

Highlight: Conviction on two counts of gross sexual imposition summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Matter of M.D. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 190
Docket No.: 20100058
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Civil commitment of a sexually dangerous person summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Fehl-Haber v. State 2010 ND 189
Docket No.: 20100019
Filing Date: 10/19/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment denying post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Pankowski 2010 ND 188
Docket No.: 20100115
Filing Date: 10/16/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Conviction of possession with intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance (methamphetamine) and with intent to flee or attempt to elude a police officer is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Disciplinary Board v. Lucas 2010 ND 187
Docket No.: 20100104
Filing Date: 9/29/2010
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Rule 4.2 of the North Dakota Rules of Professional Conduct, prohibiting attorneys from communicating with a represented party, applies to attorneys who are representing themselves.

Sailer v. Sailer 2010 ND 185
Docket No.: 20100038
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: The substantive enforceability of a premarital agreement is a matter of law to be decided by the court.
Determining whether a premarital agreement is "clearly unconscionable" requires the district court to make complete factual findings about the parties' relative property values, in addition to the contesting spouse's other resources and foreseeable needs.

State v. Adams 2010 ND 184
Docket No.: 20090383
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Those who voluntarily choose to live with probationers assume the risk that they, too, will have diminished Fourth Amendment rights in areas shared with the probationer.
What may be considered outside the scope of general consent and thus an unreasonable search may be considered reasonable under the terms of a court-ordered condition allowing for the warrantless search of a probationer.

Quality Bank, et al. v. Cavett 2010 ND 183
Docket No.: 20100024
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Whether a contract is unconscionable is a question of law for the court to decide and depends upon the factual circumstances of each case.
When determining whether a contract is unconscionable, courts look for procedural unconscionability, which encompasses factors relating to unfair surprise, oppression, and inequality of bargaining power, and substantive unconscionability, which deals with the harshness of the contract, as well as whether the contract is commercially reasonable.

Bjarko v. State (consolidated w/20100071) 2010 ND 182
Docket No.: 20100070
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment denying post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Kraft 2010 ND 181
Docket No.: 20100005
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment of conviction of manufacturing methamphetamine and possession of drug paraphernalia is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7).

Darby v. State 2010 ND 180
Docket No.: 20090347
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author:

Highlight: District court amended order denying an application for post-conviction relief summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Penor 2010 ND 179
Docket No.: 20100042
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for unauthorized use of a motor vehicle summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Interest of B.B. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 178
Docket No.: 20100161
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: District court judgment terminating parental rights instead of ordering a guardianship is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2), (4).

State v. Jackson 2010 ND 177
Docket No.: 20100059
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - DUI/DUS/APC
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Driving under suspension conviction summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3) and (4).

Rayas v. Marchus, et al. 2010 ND 176
Docket No.: 20100139
Filing Date: 9/21/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Dismissal of case barred by the applicable statute of limitations is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6).

Thompson v. Jaeger 2010 ND 174
Docket No.: 20100272
Filing Date: 9/7/2010
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Certiorari
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: A word or a phrase repeated in a constitutional provision is generally given the same meaning throughout the constitution.
A petition for an initiated measure must contain the sponsors' names and addresses, and a petition circulated for signatures without that information is insufficient.
The complete failure to comply with a mandatory constitutional provision for initiated measures is not substantial compliance.
Administrative estoppel requires conduct by the person being estopped which amounts to a false representation or a concealment of material facts.

Adoption of S.M.G. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 173
Docket No.: 20100049
Filing Date: 9/3/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Adoption
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: A district court's decision cannot be reviewed when the court does not provide any indication of the evidentiary and theoretical basis for its decis
ion. The trial court errs as a matter of law when it does not make the required findings.

Interest of S.L.W. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 172
Docket No.: 20100006
Filing Date: 8/31/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Paternity
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: An alleged father cannot, in a subsequent paternity action, challenge a prior judgment disestablishing the paternity of a presumed or adjudicated father based upon an allegation that the prior action was barred by the statute of limitations.
In a paternity action seeking an order of child support, the district court may order child support effective prior to the date of service of the summons and complaint as reimbursement for governmental assistance provided to the child.

Interest of Maedche 2010 ND 171
Docket No.: 20090268
Filing Date: 8/31/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: North Dakota's commitment of sexually dangerous individuals statute is not unconstitutionally void for vagueness.

Kannianen v. White 2010 ND 170
Docket No.: 20090368
Filing Date: 8/31/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: When interpreting the language of a prior judgment, a court must presume that the original trial judge considered existing statutes and relevant caselaw, and intended the judgment to conform to the applicable legal standards.

Investors Title Insurance Co. v. Herzig, et al. (Cross-Ref w/20090051) 2010 ND 169
Docket No.: 20090213
Filing Date: 8/31/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: In construing a trust agreement, the primary objective is to ascertain the settlor's intent.
When a trust instrument is unambiguous, the settlor's intent is ascertained from the language of the trust document itself.
The North Dakota Uniform Trust Code recognizes and enforces valid spendthrift clauses.
The district court's decision to appoint a receiver rests in its sound discretion.
A lis pendens is notice of all facts apparent on the face of the pleadings, and of those facts of which the facts so stated necessarily put the purchaser on the inquiry.

Hector v. City of Fargo 2010 ND 168
Docket No.: 20100061
Filing Date: 8/31/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: North Dakota law authorizes the creation of special improvement districts that include land outside the limits of a municipality.

Ackre v. Chapman & Chapman, P.C. 2010 ND 167
Docket No.: 20100044
Filing Date: 8/31/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: To have standing, a litigant must have suffered some threatened or actual injury resulting from the putatively illegal action, the asserted harm must not be a generalized grievance shared by all or a large class of citizens, and the litigant generally must assert his or her own legal rights and interests and cannot rest a claim for relief on the legal rights and interests of third parties.
A plaintiff may have standing to bring an unlawful practice claim against a business competitor if the plaintiff can show the putatively illegal action caused some threatened or actual injury to his or her legal rights and interests.

Schwarz, et al. v. Gierke 2010 ND 166
Docket No.: 20090220
Filing Date: 8/30/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A denial of a motion to compel arbitration is reviewed under the de novo standard, unless the lower court's decision was based on factual findings, in which case the clearly erroneous standard applies.
Recognizing a strong state and federal public policy favoring the arbitration process, courts resolve any doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues in favor of arbitration when there is a broad arbitration clause and no exclusion clause.
Before a party may be compelled to arbitrate, a court must determine whether a valid agreement to arbitrate exists between the parties and whether the specific dispute falls within the substantive scope of that agreement.

Peterson v. Peterson 2010 ND 165
Docket No.: 20090173
Filing Date: 8/24/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: In awarding spousal support, the district court must consider the relevant factors of the Ruff-Fischer guidelines.
An award of spousal support may be appropriate to recognize a spouse's role in contributing to the development of the other spouse's earning capacity during the marriage.

Bala, et al. v. State 2010 ND 164
Docket No.: 20090312
Filing Date: 8/23/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Eminent domain takes property because it is useful to the public, while the police power regulates the use of, or impairs rights in, property to prevent detriment to the public interest, and constitutional provisions against taking private property for public use without just compensation impose no barrier to the proper exercise of the police power.
The imposition of a tax, even an invalid one, generally is not a Fifth Amendment taking.

Matter of A.M. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 163
Docket No.: 20100014
Filing Date: 8/23/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Before an individual may be committed to the state hospital as a "sexually dangerous individual," the State must prove by clear and convincing evidence: (1) the individual has engaged in sexually predatory conduct; (2) the individual has a congenital or acquired condition that is manifested by a sexual disorder, a personality disorder, or other mental disorder or dysfunction; (3) the condition makes the individual likely to engage in further acts of sexually predatory conduct which constitute a danger to the physical or mental health or safety of others; and (4) the individual has serious difficulty controlling his behavior.
A district court's finding that an individual is a "sexually dangerous individual" will not be overturned on appeal unless clearly erroneous.

Murphy v. Rossow 2010 ND 162
Docket No.: 20090299
Filing Date: 8/23/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A final judgment can be amended if it was the product of mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect.
Property distributed in a divorce is valued at the time of divorce.

Snyder v. Snyder 2010 ND 161
Docket No.: 20100021
Filing Date: 8/20/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A divorcing party near retirement is not per se entitled to a reduced support obligation upon retirement. When substantial uncertainty surrounds a future retirement, the proper remedy is to move for modification upon retirement.
A district court's order requiring security for a spousal support obligation is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.
Requiring security for a spousal support obligation is only appropriate after considering the circumstances of a case. The circumstances to be considered include an award of permanent support, the duration of a marriage, the obligee's age and marketable skills, an award of income-producing property, the existence of potential security, and the cost of obtaining security.

Matter of J.D.F. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 160
Docket No.: 20100051
Filing Date: 8/20/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Rule 2.2, N.D.R.App.P., applies only to appeals from orders terminating parental rights.
The court may terminate the parental rights of a parent in connection with an adoption proceeding if the parent has abandoned the child.
Whether a child has been abandoned is a question of fact, and the district court's findings will not be reversed on appeal unless they are clearly erroneous.
A guardian ad litem is not a parenting investigator and is not required to write a report.
The court has discretion in allocating a guardian ad litem's expenses.

Estate of Cashmore 2010 ND 159
Docket No.: 20090315
Filing Date: 8/17/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Once a final judgment or order has been entered approving a final accounting and distribution of estate property, the estate proceedings are concluded and the parties are not authorized to file a petition to approve an amended final accounting under the statute.
When there is a substantial, unanticipated change in the value of an asset after trial but before distribution of the property, the proper remedy is a motion to reopen to produce additional evidence at a hearing.
The reasonable amount of personal representative's fees and attorney's fees to be allowed is left in the sound discretion of the district court.

Lechler v. Lechler 2010 ND 158
Docket No.: 20090370
Filing Date: 8/17/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: In a custody dispute, a court may interview children in chambers provided no party objects.
Parents have the right to use reasonable force to discipline their children.

Interest of M.G. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 157
Docket No.: 20100207
Filing Date: 8/17/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Long-term and intensive treatment for a parent is not required if it cannot be successfully undertaken in time to enable the children to be returned to the parental home without causing severe dislocation from emotional attachments formed during long-term foster care.

Praus v. Praus 2010 ND 156
Docket No.: 20090354
Filing Date: 8/17/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Procedural unconscionability focuses on the formation of a settlement agreement and the fairness of the bargaining process, while substantive unconscionability focuses on the harshness or one-sidedness of the agreement's provisions.
A motion for relief from a judgment is not intended to be used to relieve a party from free, calculated, and deliberate choices he or she has made.

Zutz, et al. v. Kamrowski, et al. 2010 ND 155
Docket No.: 20090392
Filing Date: 8/17/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Under Minnesota law, a county attorney's statutory duties include providing advice to county commissioners, and an absolute privilege attaches to allegedly defamatory statements made in a contract investigator's report to a county attorney on matters involved in a county commission's request for advice.

Matter of A.M.W. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2010 ND 154
Docket No.: 20100013
Filing Date: 8/17/2010
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A party seeking termination of the parent-child relationship in the context of an adoption must prove the elements necessary to support termination by clear and convincing evidence.
Abandonment of a child is a question of fact, which will not be reversed on appeal unless it is clearly erroneous.