Opinions

Haag v. Haag 2016 ND 34
Docket No.: 20150193
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A material change of circumstances is an important new fact not known at the time of the prior order establishing residential responsibility.
A party's conduct before a prior decision establishing residential responsibility may be relevant if the prior decision was based on the parties' stipulation and the court was not aware of the facts at the time of the stipulation.

Erickson v. Olsen, et al. (cross-reference w/ 20130217) 2016 ND 33
Docket No.: 20150153
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(a), a court may correct a clerical mistake or mistake arising from oversight or omission when one is found in a judgment, but may not make substantive changes in a judgment.

Estate of Vaage 2016 ND 32
Docket No.: 20150121
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Evidence justifying reformation of a written instrument must be clear, specific, and convincing.
When considering whether to reform a written instrument, a district court should exercise caution and require a high degree of proof, especially when the original parties are deceased.

State v. McClary 2016 ND 31
Docket No.: 20150218
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A motion to correct an illegal sentence brought under the Rules of Criminal Procedure or brought under the Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act should be treated as equivalent to a motion under both provisions.
Trial courts ordinarily should appoint counsel for most indigent applicants seeking postconviction relief for the first time, and only in exceptional situations should counsel not be appointed.
A district court may not delegate its sentencing authority to a probation officer or counselor.

Black Gold Oil Field Services, LLC v. City of Williston, et al. 2016 ND 30
Docket No.: 20150112
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Granting or denying a preliminary injunction is based on: (1) substantial probability of succeeding on the merits; (2) irreparable injury; (3) harm to other interested parties; and (4) effect on the public interest.
An injunction cannot be granted to prevent a legislative act by a municipality.
A party seeking an injunction generally must show that no adequate remedy at law exists and that irreparable injury will result if relief is not granted.

Interest of Johnson (cross-reference w/ 20120364 & 20140366) 2016 ND 29
Docket No.: 20150217
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A district court must find a person has serious difficulty controlling his or her behavior to continue that person's commitment as a sexually dangerous individual.

State v. Anderson 2016 ND 28
Docket No.: 20150015
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: The State cannot use a defendant's post-arrest silence as evidence of guilt, and the burden is on the State to prove that a comment on a defendant's post-arrest silence is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
The State's inquiry into the amount of time a defendant spent preparing trial testimony is a legitimate means of attacking the veracity of a defendant's testimony on cross-examination.
The attorney-client privilege is personal to the client and is waived if it is not asserted at trial.
A defendant's flight immediately after a crime has been committed or during a continuing chain of events after a crime has been committed, while alone is insufficient to establish guilt, may be considered by the jury as circumstantial evidence of a defendant's consciousness of guilt.

State v. Stensaker (consolidated w/ 20150165) 2016 ND 27
Docket No.: 20150164
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Murder conviction and two counts of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3); case remanded to fix clerical error in judgment.

Interest of G.L.D. (CONFIDENTIAL)(cross-reference w/20100230,20120175,&2014 2016 ND 26
Docket No.: 20150245
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying request for discharge from commitment as a sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Interest of G.L.D. (CONFIDENTIAL)(cross-reference w/20100230,20120175,&20140034) 2016 ND 25
Docket No.: 20150226
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order denying petition for discharge from civil commitment as a sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Interest of N.C. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2016 ND 24
Docket No.: 20150367
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Gomez v. State 2016 ND 23
Docket No.: 20150258
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order dismissing application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

Benson v. State (cross-reference w/20130179) 2016 ND 22
Docket No.: 20150232
Filing Date: 2/18/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Order dismissing application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6).

Vacancy in Judgeship No. 7, SEJD (see 20160011) 2016 ND 21
Docket No.: 20160001
Filing Date: 2/16/2016
Case Type: Judicial Administration - Rule - Rule
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgeships retained at Jamestown and Valley City.

PHI Financial Services, Inc. v. Johnston Law Office, P.C., et al. 2016 ND 20
Docket No.: 20150008
Filing Date: 1/26/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A party that acts as a "mere conduit" for a transfer of funds is not a "first transferee" for purposes of liability under the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act.
Whether reasonably equivalent value has been received in exchange for a transfer is a question of fact subject to the clearly erroneous standard of review.
Under the Uniform Commercial Code, a creditor may obtain a money judgment on the debt and foreclose on collateral in one or more proceedings if there is no double recovery.
The perfection of security interests in intangible collateral is governed by the law of the debtor's location.

Titan Machinery, Inc. v. Patterson Enterprises, Inc., et al. 2016 ND 19
Docket No.: 20150025
Filing Date: 1/21/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A proponent may introduce into evidence a summary to prove the content of voluminous writings that cannot be conveniently examined in court.
A proponent of a summary must make the originals or duplicates of the underlying writings available for copying or examination by other parties at a reasonable time and place, and the underlying documents must be admissible.
A district court's findings must be sufficient to enable an appellate court to understand the court's decision.
A merchant who leases goods of that kind impliedly warrants the goods are fit for the ordinary purposes for which goods of that type are used.

Estate of Glasoe, et al. v. Williams County, ND, et al. 2016 ND 18
Docket No.: 20150095
Filing Date: 1/19/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: There must be strict compliance with mandatory jurisdictional requirements of the tax lien foreclosure statutes, and those statutes will be strictly construed in favor of the owners of the property.
Sufficiency of service of process is a question of fact that will not be reversed on appeal unless clearly erroneous.
The sale of property acquired by a county through tax deed by the acceptance of a valid bid cuts off the former owner's right of repurchase.

Palmer v. 999 Quebec, Inc., et al. 2016 ND 17
Docket No.: 20150031
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Personal Injury
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Generally, the existence of a duty is a preliminary question of law for the court. When a duty does not exist, there is no negligence.
In opposing a motion for summary judgment, the resisting party must present competent admissible evidence by affidavit or other means that raises an issue of material fact and must, if appropriate, draw the court's attention to relevant evidence in the record.

Ritter v. Ritter 2016 ND 16
Docket No.: 20150202
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A parent may establish a prima facie case for modification of residential responsibility following a stipulated divorce when the parent's affidavit evidences a significant change in employment resulting in a predictable work schedule and such modification is in the children's best interests.

State v. Knox 2016 ND 15
Docket No.: 20150125
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court's decision cannot be properly reviewed on appeal if the district court fails to make adequate findings explaining the evidentiary and legal basis for its decision.

Wanttaja v. Wanttaja 2016 ND 14
Docket No.: 20140436
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A district court has jurisdiction in divorce proceedings to award appropriate child support for a parties' child, even when a temporary support order has been entered by a district court in another county while the parties are still married.
In deciding whether to award attorney fees in a divorce, the district court must balance one party's needs against the other party's ability to pay, and fault is a consideration only to the extent one party has unreasonably escalated the fees.

State v. Atkins 2016 ND 13
Docket No.: 20150211
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Issues not brought before the district court are generally inappropriate for appeal.
Ineffective assistance of counsel claims generally should not be brought on direct appeal, because post-conviction relief proceedings provide a more appropriate forum to develop the evidentiary record necessary for such claims.

Forster v. Flaagan 2016 ND 12
Docket No.: 20150207
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A prima facie case for modification of primary residential responsibility is a bare minimum standard requiring facts that would support modification if proven at an evidentiary hearing.
If the moving party's allegations are supported by competent, admissible evidence, the court may conclude the moving party failed to establish a prima facie case only if: (1) the opposing party's counter-affidavits conclusively establish that the moving party's allegations have no credibility; or (2) the moving party's allegations are insufficient on their face, even if uncontradicted, to justify modification.

State v. Hannah 2016 ND 11
Docket No.: 20150144
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Pain is a phenomenon of common experience and understanding.
The weight given to a victim's testimony regarding pain is up to the jury.

State v. Horning 2016 ND 10
Docket No.: 20150148
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The State may move for civil forfeiture of property within a criminal case.
The State may appeal a district court order denying civil forfeiture.
Civil forfeiture is not dependent upon conviction in a criminal case.

State v. 1998 Jeep Grand Cherokee, et al. (cross-ref. w/20140444) 2016 ND 9
Docket No.: 20150270
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A district court abuses its discretion when it does not follow the procedural requirement of providing notice before amending an order or judgment to correct a clerical error.
A motion to amend a judgment or order to correct a clerical error cannot be used to make substantive changes to the judgment or order.
The dismissal of an appeal makes a judgment final and res judicata of all issues therein.

State v. Ballard 2016 ND 8
Docket No.: 20140333
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Suspicionless search of an unsupervised probationer's home is unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

State v. Russell 2016 ND 7
Docket No.: 20150205
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Amended criminal judgment revoking defendant's probation and sentencing him to prison is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(1) and (3).

Sturre v. Levi 2016 ND 6
Docket No.: 20150242
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Judgment affirming the Department of Transportation hearing officer's decision to suspend driving privileges for 180 days is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5) and (7).

Myers v. State 2016 ND 5
Docket No.: 20150223
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Denial of application for post-conviction relief is summarily reversed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(b).

State v. Suelzle 2016 ND 4
Docket No.: 20150004
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for aggravated assault, aggravated reckless driving, reckless endangerment, leaving the scene of an accident involving serious personal injury, leaving the scene of an accident involving an unattended vehicle and leaving the scene of an accident involving an attended vehicle is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Johnson v. State 2016 ND 3
Docket No.: 20150130
Filing Date: 1/14/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Denial of an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

Vacancy in Judgeship No. 1, NEJD 2016 ND 2
Docket No.: 20150353
Filing Date: 1/12/2016
Case Type: Judicial Administration - Rule - Rule
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgeship retained at Devils Lake.

Stock v. Stock 2016 ND 1
Docket No.: 20150011
Filing Date: 1/6/2016
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: It is not clearly erroneous for a court to award permanent spousal support instead of rehabilitative spousal support where the circumstances warrant both awards.
The amount of a spousal support award is clearly erroneous where the amount unduly burdens the payor spouse by leaving the spouse in a nearly impossible financial position.
Although a district court and this Court have concurrent jurisdiction to award attorney's fees for an appeal in a divorce, we prefer the district court decide the issue of attorney's fees for a divorce appeal.

Markgraf, et al. v. Welker, et al. 2015 ND 303
Docket No.: 20150116
Filing Date: 12/31/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Oil, Gas and Minerals
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Summary judgment is inappropriate if the court must draw inferences and make findings on disputed facts to support the judgment.
The statute of limitations for recovery or possession of real property, applies to any action for the recovery or possession of real property and is not limited to adverse possession or acquiescence actions.
When summary judgment is inappropriate but no further evidence would be presented at trial, parties may submit the case to the district court for a trial based on the record if the parties provide a stipulation of facts and exhibits, together with any argument the court permits.

Arrow Midstream Holdings, LLC, et al. v. 3 Bears Construction, LLC, et al. 2015 ND 302
Docket No.: 20150057
Filing Date: 12/29/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A dismissal without prejudice is final and appealable if it has the practical effect of terminating the litigation in the plaintiff's chosen forum.
Generally, absent a different congressional direction, Indian tribes lack civil authority over the conduct of nonmembers on non-Indian land within a reservation.
It is not the particular form of business entity used by a tribe or tribal member, but whether the business entity was created under tribal law or state law that determines if the business entity should be treated as a tribe or tribal member.
State court jurisdiction over claims arising on Indian reservations is foreclosed if it is preempted by incompatible federal law or if it would undermine the right of reservation Indians to make their own laws and be ruled by them.

State v. Nelson (consolidated w/ 20150213) 2015 ND 301
Docket No.: 20150212
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Restitution hearings are required when a defendant has pled guilty and the amount of restitution is in dispute or uncertain.
District courts have a wide degree of discretion when setting restitution, and the court's decision will not be reversed on appeal unless the court acted outside the limits set by statute, which is similar to an abuse of discretion standard.

Clark v. Farmers Union Mutual Ins., et al. 2015 ND 300
Docket No.: 20150199
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Insurance
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Interpretation of an insurance contract is a question of law fully reviewable on appeal.
Courts look first to the language of an insurance contract, and if the policy language is clear on its face, there is no room for construction.

Washburn v. Levi 2015 ND 299
Docket No.: 20150149
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: If an arrestee makes any affirmative mention of a need for an attorney before deciding whether to submit to chemical testing, law enforcement personnel must assume the arrestee is requesting an opportunity to consult with an attorney and must allow a reasonable opportunity to do so.
A failure to provide a reasonable opportunity to consult with counsel after the arrestee requests as much disallows the Department from revoking the arrestee's driver's license because of the arrestee's refusal to submit to chemical testing.

Bayles v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2015 ND 298
Docket No.: 20150200
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A district court may not reverse a hearing officer's decision to suspend driving privileges when the only basis was failure to file the transcript within the statutory period.
For reversal based on noncompliance with the statutory period to file a hearing transcript with the district court, a defendant must show either prejudice caused by the delay or systematically disregarded the requirements of the law.

State v. Williams 2015 ND 297
Docket No.: 20150042
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: The district court has discretion in deciding whether to grant a request for a transcript, and the court abuses its discretion by refusing the request if a particularized need, necessity, or justification for its preparation and use is shown.

State v. Chatman 2015 ND 296
Docket No.: 20150037
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used to establish probable cause to issue a search warrant, but a court is not required to suppress evidence obtained as a result of the search warrant if there was sufficient legal evidence presented to the issuing magistrate to establish probable cause.
Anticipatory search warrants do not delegate the issuing magistrate's power to law enforcement.

Interest of Thill (cross-reference w/ 20130291) 2015 ND 295
Docket No.: 20150147
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court must make specific findings of fact supporting its determination that a defendant remains a sexually dangerous individual. Generally referencing medical reports without explaining which facts it considered in its determination is not sufficient.

Butterfield v. Levi 2015 ND 294
Docket No.: 20150249
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A district court judgment affirming a Department of Transportation decision revoking driving privileges is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

Interest of A.C. (CONFIDENTIAL)(Consolidated w/20150318) 2015 ND 293
Docket No.: 20150317
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Musick v. Levi 2015 ND 292
Docket No.: 20150252
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Revocation of driving privileges is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5) and (7).

Jodoin v. Levi 2015 ND 291
Docket No.: 20150185
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Suspension of driving privileges is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(5).

Johnson v. State 2015 ND 290
Docket No.: 20150209
Filing Date: 12/22/2015
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Disciplinary Board v. Ward 2015 ND 289
Docket No.: 20150309
Filing Date: 12/11/2015
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer reprimanded.

Disciplinary Board v. Varriano 2015 ND 288
Docket No.: 20150342
Filing Date: 12/11/2015
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer reinstatement ordered.