Opinions

In the Interest of L.T., a child (CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 120
Docket No.: 20100329
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Juvenile Law
Author: Sandstrom, Dale

Highlight: The statute restricting a parent's right to court-appointed counsel during certain phases of a juvenile delinquency proceeding does not violate the parent's constitutional right to equal protection under law.
A juvenile court is not required to inform a parent of the collateral consequences of a juvenile's admissions to charges.

Interest of R.A. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 119
Docket No.: 20100343
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Juvenile Law
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: A juvenile case must be transferred to district court if the child was fourteen years of age or more at the time of the alleged conduct and the court determines there is probable cause to believe the child committed the offense of gross sexual imposition of a victim by threat of imminent death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping.
Probable cause is a minimal burden of proof, and probable cause exists if there is a definite probability based on substantial evidence the offense has been committed.
Imminent means near at hand, mediate rather than immediate, close rather than touching, on the point of happening, threatening, menacing, or perilous.
The juvenile transfer statute requires a juvenile court to transfer the offense of gross sexual imposition by threat of imminent death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping, and does not require the threat be of physical harm to the victim.

Interest of T.S. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 118
Docket No.: 20100322
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Juvenile Law
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: The legislature has the power to determine the age of criminal responsibility. Children over the age of seven are presumed capable of committing a criminal offense.
Juveniles have a due process right not to be subjected to the adjudicative stage of juvenile proceedings while incompetent. A juvenile court must hold a competency hearing when evidence establishes sufficient doubt as to the juvenile's competency to proceed.

State v. Howard 2011 ND 117
Docket No.: 20110008
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: A court does not abuse its discretion in denying an application for post-conviction relief when the factual basis to support the defendant's plea of guilty to delivery of a controlled substance establishes the defendant admitted to transferring the controlled substance to the buyer in his vehicle.

State v. Hinojosa 2011 ND 116
Docket No.: 20100218
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: When a defendant, through his own actions or the actions of his attorney, substantially contributes to the State's not bringing charges to trial within the 90-day period required by the Uniform Mandatory Disposition of Detainers Act, the defendant cannot merely rely upon expiration of the 90-day period to have the charges against him dismissed.
Good cause for delay exists when defense counsel requires additional time for preparation and investigation to ensure that a defendant receives effective assistance of counsel.
A defendant who claims insufficient evidence bears the burden of showing the evidence reveals no reasonable inference of guilt when viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict.

G.K.T. v. T.L.T., et al. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 115
Docket No.: 20100381
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Torts (Negligence, Liab., Nuis.)
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: In assessing a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress, the district court must first determine if, as a matter of law, the defendant's conduct is sufficiently extreme and outrageous to permit recovery; but if the district court determines that reasonable people could differ, the question of whether the defendant's conduct is sufficiently extreme and outrageous is left to the trier-of-fact.
Liability for intentional infliction of emotional distress has been found only where the conduct has been so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.

State v. Midell 2011 ND 114
Docket No.: 20100286
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: In light of the limited purpose and scope of a preliminary hearing, the district court has the authority to assess the credibility of witnesses only when, as a matter of law, the testimony is implausible or incredible.
A mere conflict of testimony in a preliminary hearing is a question of fact left for the jury, and that the district court must draw the inference favorable to the prosecution.
Section 12.1-20-03(1)(c), N.D.C.C., does not require the victim to have been actually unaware that a sexual act was being committed upon her; it requires the defendant to have actually known, or have reasonable cause to believe, that the victim was unaware a sexual act was being committed upon her.

F/S Manufacturing v. Kensmoe 2011 ND 113
Docket No.: 20100167
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A judgment is canceled of record ten years after its entry if it has not been renewed, or after twenty years if it has been renewed.
A judgment creditor may renew a judgment either by commencing a separate action to renew or by filing an affidavit under the simplified statutory procedure.
Under North Dakota law, the statute of limitations for an action against a person may be tolled based on that person's absence from the state, but the time for filing a affidavit of renewal is not tolled.
Under North Dakota law, the time for the judgment creditor to file a renewal affidavit is not tolled by the judgment debtor's bankruptcy proceedings.

Varriano v. Varriano 2011 ND 112
Docket No.: 20100278
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: The factors a court should rely on in determining whether two people cohabited include whether a common residence was established; whether there was a long-term sexual, intimate, or romantic involvement; whether there were shared assets or common bank accounts; whether there was joint contribution to household expenses; and whether there was a recognition of the relationship by the community as a relationship including cohabitation.
There is no one factor that is an absolute prerequisite for a finding of cohabitation.

Interest of T.T., a Child (CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 111
Docket No.: 20110066
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A sequestration order does not prohibit out-of-court communication unless the court specifically states the communication is prohibited.
Social services can pursue termination of parental rights and reunification of a parent and child at the same time.

Disciplinary Board v. Stensland 2011 ND 110
Docket No.: 20100304
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The Supreme Court defers to a hearing panel's findings on the credibility of witnesses in a disciplinary proceeding because the hearing panel had the opportunity to observe the witnesses' demeanor and hear the witnesses testify.
Sequestration of witnesses is intended to prevent witnesses from tailoring their testimony in light of the testimony of other witnesses and to permit discovery of false testimony and other credibility problems.
Each disciplinary matter must be considered on its own facts when deciding the appropriate sanction to apply.

Landrum v. Workforce Safety and Insurance 2011 ND 108
Docket No.: 20100374
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Administrative res judicata must be applied in light of N.D.C.C. 65-05-04, which grants WSI continuing jurisdiction to review an award of benefits.
WSI's continuing jurisdiction is not contingent on the presence of new medical evidence.
The underlying purpose of administrative res judicata, to preserve scarce administrative resources and avoid wasteful expense and delay, guides the application of the doctrine.
The claimant bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence a continuing entitlement to benefits.

Becker v. Becker 2011 ND 107
Docket No.: 20100225
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A district court must comply with the child support guidelines to determine an obligor's child support obligation, and a court errs as a matter of law if it fails to comply with the guidelines.
A court must properly find an obligor's net income, applying the child support guidelines, and must make specific findings about the net income and how it was determined.
An unemployed or underemployed child support obligor's income cannot be imputed if the obligor's actual gross earnings from all types of income exceed the greatest amount of income that could be imputed.

State v. Zottnick (CONSOLIDATED W/20110069) 2011 ND 106
Docket No.: 20100111
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for simple assault-domestic violence (second offense or more) and order denying post-conviction relief application affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (3).

Matter of J.M. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 105
Docket No.: 20100398
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order continuing commitment as a sexually dangerous individual summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Rogers 2011 ND 104
Docket No.: 20110033
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Amended criminal judgment and order revoking probation summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

State v. Shoup 2011 ND 103
Docket No.: 20110005
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment entered after a jury found the defendant guilty of assault is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Interest of C.L.(CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 102
Docket No.: 20110111
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order granting motion to terminate parental rights summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Application of Bjerke 2011 ND 101
Docket No.: 20110022
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author:

Highlight: Order granting application to change minor child's name summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Garten v. State 2011 ND 100
Docket No.: 20100382
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The district court judgment denying application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Matter of Quilt 2011 ND 99
Docket No.: 20100397
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court order civilly committing a sexually dangerous individual is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Johnson v. State (consolidated w/20110042) 2011 ND 98
Docket No.: 20110041
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment summarily dismissing application for post-conviction relief is affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6).

Estate of Dionne (cross-reference w/20090016) 2011 ND 97
Docket No.: 20100353
Filing Date: 6/21/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgment that parties intended to convey the entirety of certain real estate summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (3).

Disciplinary Board v. McDonagh 2011 ND 96
Docket No.: 20110167
Filing Date: 6/10/2011
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Interim suspension of lawyer ordered.

Riverwood Commercial Park, et al. v. Standard Oil Co., et al. (Cross w/20060122 2011 ND 95
Docket No.: 20100268
Filing Date: 5/20/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: Grants of interests in real property are interpreted in like manner with contracts in general.
The principal difference between an easement and a license is that a license is revocable at will.
If extrinsic evidence is conclusive and undisputed, the determination of the meaning of a contract is a function for the court to resolve as a matter of law.

Spratt v. MDU Resources Group, Inc., et al. 2011 ND 94
Docket No.: 20100266
Filing Date: 5/18/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Employer/Employee Dispute
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The modified McDonnell Douglas test used in employment discrimination cases is inapplicable when the plaintiff presents direct evidence of discrimination.
To survive a motion for summary judgment in an age discrimination case, there must be some showing beyond the mere fact that the terminated employee was over age forty.

Workforce Safety & Insurance v. Auck (cross-reference 20090223) 2011 ND 93
Docket No.: 20100330
Filing Date: 5/13/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Workers Compensation
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: An administrative agency's position is substantially justified if a reasonable person could think the position is correct and the position has a reasonable basis in law and fact.

Kasowski v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2011 ND 92
Docket No.: 20100232
Filing Date: 5/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: The limited statutory right of a driver to consult with an attorney before submitting to a chemical test for intoxication attaches only after an arrest.
A driver under arrest for a DUI must make an affirmative mention of the need for an attorney in order to invoke his right to contact an attorney.

Smestad v. Harris 2011 ND 91
Docket No.: 20100216
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Debtor/Creditor
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Failure to adequately brief arguments on appeal precludes relief on those issues.
The district court is the best credibility evaluator in cases of conflicting testimony.
If the aggregate amount of a series of loans is $25,000 or more, an oral agreement for the loans is unenforceable.

Locken v. Locken, et al. 2011 ND 90
Docket No.: 20100297
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Under the statute of limitations to cancel or enforce a contract for deed, the due date of the last payment on the indebtedness secured by the contract for deed means the record date the contract for deed was satisfied.

Interest of T.B. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 89
Docket No.: 20100267
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Juvenile Law
Author:

Highlight: Juvenile court referee's order and juvenile court's order are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Kinsella 2011 ND 88
Docket No.: 20100355
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: A defendant who does not stand on his motion for a judgment of acquittal at the close of the prosecution's case in chief, but chooses to introduce evidence in his defense, allows a reviewing court to examine the evidence as a whole, including the evidence offered by the defendant.

First International Bank & Trust v. Peterson, et al. 2011 ND 87
Docket No.: 20100280
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Insurance
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: In an action for declaratory, injunctive, or other prospective relief, an association may have associational standing to bring a suit on behalf of its members if: (1) its members have standing to sue in their own right; (2) the interests the association seeks to protect are germane to the organization's purpose; and (3) neither the claim asserted nor the relief requested require the participation of individual members in the lawsuit.
A condominium developer may be responsible for the condominium association and board of manager's duties and obligations if the developer controls the association and fails to create a board of managers.

Citibank (South Dakota) v. Peterson 2011 ND 86
Docket No.: 20100345
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Debtor/Creditor
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Rule 60(b), N.D.R.Civ.P., gives courts discretion to provide relief from judgments; however, this power is not provided in order to relieve a party from free, calculated and deliberate choices he has made.
The correct way to supplement an incomplete record on appeal is to make a motion to the district court under Rule 10(b), N.D.R.App.P.

State v. Duncan 2011 ND 85
Docket No.: 20100323
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: When a defendant does not object to alleged prosecutorial misconduct at trial, the Court's review is limited to determining whether the prosecutor's conduct prejudicially affected defendant's substantial rights, so as to deprive him of a fair trial.
A prosecutor's improper suggestions, insinuations and, especially, assertions of personal knowledge are apt to carry much weight against the accused when they should properly carry none.

State v. Zottnick 2011 ND 84
Docket No.: 20100310
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Other
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: A defendant may be entitled to a jury instruction on excuse and his conduct may be excused if there is evidence that the defendant believes the facts are such that conduct is necessary and appropriate for any of the purposes which would establish a justification or excuse under the criminal code, even though the defendant's believe is mistaken.

A.R. Audit Services, Inc. v. Ulledahl 2011 ND 83
Docket No.: 20110002
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Debtor/Creditor
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Summary judgment awarding amount owed for medical services is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(6).

State v. Erhart 2011 ND 82
Docket No.: 20100384
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for gross sexual imposition summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

State v. Beane (Consolidated w/20100341) 2011 ND 81
Docket No.: 20100340
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgments for possession of a controlled substance and possession of drug paraphernalia are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

State v. Beane (cross-reference S.C. #20090013) 2011 ND 80
Docket No.: 20100380
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment for possession of drug paraphernalia summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(7).

State v. Mudge (Consolidated w/20100369-20100371) 2011 ND 79
Docket No.: 20100368
Filing Date: 5/11/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Criminal judgment and order denying requests for modification of sentence summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Blomdahl v. Blomdahl 2011 ND 78
Docket No.: 20100053
Filing Date: 4/13/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A motion for contempt under N.D.C.C. 14-05-25.1 is not an "action upon the judgment" for purposes of applying the ten-year statute of limitations in N.D.C.C. 28-01-15.
For a contempt finding under N.D.C.C. 14-05-25.1, there must be a violation of a valid and existing court order, judgment, or decree.

Christensen v. N.D. Dep't of Human Services 2011 ND 77
Docket No.: 20100263
Filing Date: 4/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Administrative Proceeding
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: An applicant for Medicaid benefits has the responsibility to provide information sufficient to establish eligibility and has the burden of proving an asset is not actually available.

Matter of Wolff 2011 ND 76
Docket No.: 20100290
Filing Date: 4/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: In civil commitment cases, the State must clearly show the committed individual's personality disorder is likely to manifest itself in a serious difficulty in controlling his or her behavior.
The conduct evidencing the committed individual's serious difficulty in controlling his or her behavior need not be sexual in nature.

Schumacker v. Schumacker 2011 ND 75
Docket No.: 20100282
Filing Date: 4/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Kapsner, Carol

Highlight: Merely conflicting allegations in affidavits and moving papers for a change in primary residential responsibility of parties' children must be resolved at an evidentiary hearing, unless the party opposing the movant has conclusively proved the movant's allegations are insufficient or have no credibility.
Pre-divorce conduct can be relevant for a change of custody when the divorce was stipulated and the trial court was unaware of the facts at the time of the stipulation.
Inadmissible hearsay statements are not competent evidence supporting a prima facie case for a change of primary residential responsibility.
Statements by declarants on their state of mind and emotion fit an exception to the hearsay rule and are competent evidence.

Swanson, et al. v. Swanson, et al. 2011 ND 74
Docket No.: 20090289
Filing Date: 4/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: Maring, Mary

Highlight: Every person who has actual notice of circumstances sufficient to put a prudent person on inquiry and who omits to make such inquiry with reasonable diligence is deemed to have constructive notice of all facts such inquiry would have disclosed had it been properly pursued.
The information sufficient to put a prudent person on inquiry may consist of a statement made by the claimant of the adverse ownership right. The information need not be so full or detailed as to communicate a complete description of the adverse interest if it creates a reasonable belief a conflict right exists as a fact.
To comply with the requirement for a reasonably diligent inquiry, a prospective purchaser with actual notice of circumstances sufficient to put a prudent person on inquiry must, at the very least, conduct a record search. If a purchaser fails to make a reasonably diligent inquiry, the purchaser cannot claim the protection of a good-faith purchaser status.

Matter of J.G. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2011 ND 73
Docket No.: 20100366
Filing Date: 4/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying petition for discharge from commitment as a sexually dangerous individual summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Trowbridge 2011 ND 72
Docket No.: 20100363
Filing Date: 4/12/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order granting motion to reduce sentence summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Disciplinary Board v. Rozan 2011 ND 71
Docket No.: 20110031
Filing Date: 4/6/2011
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Discipline ordered for lawyer.

Thompson, et al. v. Schmitz, et al. (cross-reference w/20080191) 2011 ND 70
Docket No.: 20100248
Filing Date: 3/28/2011
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Contracts
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald

Highlight: An award of attorney's fees and pre-judgment interest is permitted under the Business Corporations Act when a district court finds an officer or director of a corporation violates fiduciary duties or finds a party to have acted arbitrarily, vexatiously, or otherwise not in good faith.
The district court may award expert witness fees, including fees for experts who do not testify, under the Business Corporations Act.