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Tracey v. Tracey 2023 ND 219
Docket No.: 20230155
Filing Date: 11/24/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A district court’s finding of domestic violence may be based on actual harm, or the infliction of fear of imminent harm.

When a petition for a domestic violence protection order is based on the infliction of fear of imminent harm, the petitioner must show a fear of actual or imminent physical harm, bodily injury, or assault.

A district court must make factual findings sufficient to understand the basis for its decision.

Matter of Didier 2023 ND 218
Docket No.: 20230118
Filing Date: 11/24/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Civil Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Individual
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court must have sufficient factual findings to show a sexually dangerous individual continues to have an inability to control his behavior. Past conduct is relevant and may be considered with present conduct to determine whether an individual continues to have an inability to control his behavior. The district court’s findings, showing not just a lack of progress, but a lack of participation, are sufficient to show the individual continues to have an inability to control his behavior.

State v. Nelson 2023 ND 217
Docket No.: 20230038
Filing Date: 11/24/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Theft
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: An issue will not be addressed on appeal when an appellant fails to raise it in the district court or brief it under the obvious error standard of review.

The standard for reviewing the sufficiency of evidence is the same for both a bench trial and a jury trial. A conviction will not be set aside if competent evidence allows the trier of fact to draw an inference reasonably tending to prove guilt and fairly warranting a conviction.

Olson Family Limited Partnership v. Velva Parks 2023 ND 216
Docket No.: 20230108
Filing Date: 11/24/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Real Property
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A movant under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b) has the burden of establishing sufficient grounds for disturbing the finality of the judgment. A disregard of service of process does not constitute mistake, inadvertence, or excusable neglect. Bare assertions without credible facts or specific legal grounds do not give rise to an allegation of a meritorious defense.

Benter v. State 2023 ND 215
Docket No.: 20230202
Filing Date: 11/24/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order denying a post-conviction relief application is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

Bravera Bank v. Craft, et al. 2023 ND 214
Docket No.: 20230095
Filing Date: 11/24/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Foreclosure
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: When a district court’s order granting summary judgment is entered on a fully submitted motion without any request for oral argument, and the order fully resolves the pending claims, it may not be necessary for the court to specifically address the remaining motions.

A district court does not err in cancelling a hearing set by the court if its notice was issued after the time for the parties to request a hearing has expired and neither party made a request.

A party opposing summary judgment must explain the connection between the factual assertions and the legal theories in the case. It cannot leave the district court the chore of determining if there are nonbriefed issues material to the claim for relief.

State v. Sparkman 2023 ND 212
Docket No.: 20230134
Filing Date: 11/9/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Per Curiam

McGinnis v. State 2023 ND 211
Docket No.: 20230119
Filing Date: 11/9/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s order denying postconviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Anderson 2023 ND 210
Docket No.: 20230145
Filing Date: 11/9/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: When the intent element of terrorizing is met based on reckless disregard of the risk, awareness of the risk is not required if the absence is due to self-induced intoxication.

Preventing arrest under N.D.C.C. § 12.1-08-02 includes not only preventing the arrest but also effecting such an arrest. Preventing law enforcement actions such as being placed in handcuffs or being secured for transport could be the basis for a preventing arrest charge.

State v. Morales 2023 ND 209
Docket No.: 20230080
Filing Date: 11/9/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: North Dakota Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(d) governs the withdrawal of a guilty plea. To withdraw a guilty plea after the court has accepted the plea but before sentencing, a defendant must show a fair and just reason for the withdrawal.

State v. Yalartai 2023 ND 208
Docket No.: 20230065
Filing Date: 11/9/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A defendant moving to withdraw his guilty plea before sentencing bears the burden of establishing a fair and just reason exists.

Among the factors that a district court may consider in determining whether a fair and just reason exists to withdraw a guilty plea before sentencing are: (1) the amount of time that has passed between the entry of the plea and the motion to withdraw; (2) defendant’s assertion of innocence or a legally cognizable defense to the charge; (3) prejudice to the government; (4) whether the plea was knowing and voluntary; (5) whether the plea was made in compliance with Rule 11, N.D.R.Crim.P.; (6) whether adequate assistance of counsel was available to the defendant; (7) the plausibility of the reason for seeking to withdraw; (8) whether a plea withdrawal would waste judicial resources; and (9) whether the parties had reached or breached a plea agreement.

A defendant who voluntarily pleads guilty waives the right to challenge nonjurisdictional defects, including alleged violations of constitutional rights that occur before the guilty plea.

Kaspari v. Kaspari 2023 ND 207
Docket No.: 20230189
Filing Date: 11/9/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Divorce - Property
Author: Bahr, Douglas Alan

Highlight: This Court only has jurisdiction to review judgments which are timely appealed. If we conclude the attempted appeal fails for lack of jurisdiction, we have the duty to dismiss the appeal sua sponte.

A motion under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60 does not toll the time to appeal unless the motion is served and filed no later than 28 days after notice of entry of judgment.

This Court does not consider issues which are not adequately articulated, supported, and briefed.

State v. Kovalevich 2023 ND 206
Docket No.: 20230101
Filing Date: 11/9/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Sexual Offense
Author: Bahr, Douglas Alan

Highlight: When a defendant has previously filed a post-conviction relief application, a subsequent motion filed under the Rules of Criminal Procedure will be treated as an application for post-conviction relief when the motion seeks to evade the boundaries of post-conviction proceedings.

When a pre-filing order is in effect, a district court must make the required initial determinations whether a particular litigant’s proffered papers will be filed before ruling on the merits of the proposed filing.

Orders denying leave to file are not appealable.

Vacancy in Judgeship No. 2, NECJD 2023 ND 205
Docket No.: 20230284
Filing Date: 11/2/2023
Case Type: Judicial Administration - Rule - Rule
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Judgeship retained at Grand Forks.

Matter of Reciprocal Discipline of Hill 2023 ND 204
Docket No.: 20230296
Filing Date: 10/26/2023
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer reprimanded.

Interest of A.I. (CONFIDENTIAL) 2023 ND 203
Docket No.: 20230311
Filing Date: 10/26/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Mental Health
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: To comply with the requirements of N.D.C.C. § 25-03.1-21(1), the district court must find by clear and convincing evidence that alternative treatment is not adequate or hospitalization is the least restrictive alternative. However, we cannot order a less restrictive alternative even if it would be sufficient if evidence shows there is no such program currently available.

State v. Gonzales 2023 ND 202
Docket No.: 20230129
Filing Date: 10/26/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Under N.D.C.C. § 12.1-32-08, a district court may enter restitution for damages or expenses sustained by a victim that are immediate, intimate, causally connected and directly related to the criminal offense the defendant pleaded guilty or was found guilty.

State v. Ortiz 2023 ND 201
Docket No.: 20230126
Filing Date: 10/26/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s judgment sentencing a defendant to 55 years of incarceration is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Padilla v. Klimpel, et al. 2023 ND 200
Docket No.: 20230099
Filing Date: 10/26/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Per Curiam

Interest of E.E.J.-C. (Confidential) 2023 ND 199
Docket No.: 20230091
Filing Date: 10/26/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Juvenile Law
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order denying petition for guardianship of a child is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Montenegro 2023 ND 198
Docket No.: 20230088
Filing Date: 10/26/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment entered after a jury conviction of harassment is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3) and (7).

Severance v. Howe 2023 ND 197
Docket No.: 20230084
Filing Date: 10/26/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Malpractice
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The tort of battery exists at common law. A person is civilly liable for offensive-contact battery if he or she (1) acts intending to cause a harmful or offensive contact with the person of the other or a third person, or an imminent apprehension of such a contact, and (2) an offensive contact with the person of the other directly or indirectly results.

North Dakota is a notice pleading state. North Dakota’s rules do not require plaintiffs to allege every element of their claim. The formal character of a complaint does not strictly determine the cause of action.

Whether to abrogate a common law claim is a policy matter for the Legislature to decide.

Section 28-01-46, N.D.C.C, which requires plaintiffs to submit an affidavit containing an expert opinion to support a prima facie case of professional medical negligence, does not apply to a claim for the intentional tort of battery.

State v. Whitetail 2023 ND 196
Docket No.: 20230044
Filing Date: 10/11/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Under N.D.R.Crim.P. 29(a), the district court must enter judgment of acquittal upon a defendant’s motion if the evidence presented at trial is insufficient to sustain a conviction. When the sufficiency of evidence to support a criminal conviction is challenged on appeal, the record is reviewed to determine if there is competent evidence allowing the jury to draw an inference reasonably tending to prove guilt and fairly warranting a conviction. The defendant bears the burden of showing the evidence reveals no reasonable inference of guilt when viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict.

Hillestad v. Small 2023 ND 195
Docket No.: 20230006
Filing Date: 10/11/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Child Support
Author: Bahr, Douglas Alan

Highlight: There is no presumption in North Dakota law for or against equal residential responsibility.

Primary caretakers do not receive presumptive status but may receive recognition in residential responsibility determinations.

A holiday schedule is not clearly erroneous if it is in the best interests of the child.

Tie-breaking decision-making authority must be awarded in the best interests of the child.

Interest of C.K. 2023 ND 194
Docket No.: 20230293
Filing Date: 10/11/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Interest of C.K. 2023 ND 194
Docket No.: 20230293
Filing Date: 10/11/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

State v. Harris 2023 ND 193
Docket No.: 20230033
Filing Date: 10/11/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: The district court order denying a defendant’s motion to suppress is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

State v. Hatzenbuehler 2023 ND 192
Docket No.: 20230017
Filing Date: 10/11/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: The sentencing factors set forth in N.D.C.C. § 12.1-32-04 apply in revocation proceedings. Although entitled to consideration, the sentencing factors do not control the district court’s discretion, are not an exclusive list of all a court may consider, and need not be explicitly referenced in fixing a criminal sentence.

Albertson v. Albertson 2023 ND 191
Docket No.: 20230034
Filing Date: 10/11/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Bahr, Douglas Alan

Highlight: A district court must specially state facts when granting a disorderly conduct restraining order, which allow a reviewing court to understand the basis of the decision.

Section 28-26-01, N.D.C.C., applies to awards of attorney’s fees by the district court, not the Supreme Court.

Kirkpatrick v. NDDOT 2023 ND 190
Docket No.: 20230085
Filing Date: 10/2/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Administrative - Department of Transportation
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The North Dakota Department of Transportation has authority to conduct proceedings to suspend an operator’s license if law enforcement has provided it with information essential to showing suspension may be warranted under the law.

The Department lacks authority to suspend an operator’s license when all breath and blood alcohol test results are not provided to the Department.

Matter of Reciprocal Discipline of Roach 2023 ND 189
Docket No.: 20230233
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer reprimaned and placed on probation.

Disciplinary Board v. Baird 2023 ND 188
Docket No.: 20230277
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer disbarred.

Disciplinary Board v. Pilch 2023 ND 187
Docket No.: 20230268
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer disbarred.

Disciplinary Board v. Pilch (consolidated w/ 20230266) 2023 ND 186
Docket No.: 20230265
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Discipline - Attorney - Original Proceeding
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: Lawyer disbarred.

Bd. of Trustees of The N.D. Public Employees' Retirement System v. N.D. (con't) 2023 ND 185
Docket No.: 20230158
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Injunction
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The supreme court invokes its original jurisdiction only in cases publici juris and those affecting the sovereignty of the state, its franchises and prerogatives, or the liberties of its people. The supreme court has exercised original jurisdiction in cases where the separation of coequal branches of government and their respective authority have been challenged.

Constitutional provisions are generally given their plain, ordinary, and commonly understood meaning. The overriding objective is to give effect to the intent and purpose of the people adopting the constitutional provision. The intent and purpose of constitutional provisions are to be determined, if possible, from the language itself.

Under North Dakota Constitution Article IV, § 13, “[n]o bill may embrace more than one subject, which must be expressed in its title.” When a bill embraces multiple subjects, all of which are expressed in its title, the whole bill is void due to the manifest impossibility of choosing which parts of the bill are valid and which are void. A court’s attempt to choose between the provisions would improperly inject it into the Legislature’s domain.

Interest of P.R.-K. (CONFIDENTIAL)(consolidated w/20230282) 2023 ND 184
Docket No.: 20230281
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A juvenile court order terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (4).

Jones v. Rath 2023 ND 183
Docket No.: 20230018
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Other
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Only an aggrieved party may appeal from an order or judgment.

For purposes of appellate review, an aggrieved party is someone whose interests are adversely affected by a court’s decision.

A temporary restraining order is not a final appealable order.

Individuals subject to a North Dakota Supreme Court Administrative Rule 58 vexatious litigant prefiling order may not raise issues on appeal concerning motions they did not have authority to file.

Interest of K.J. 2023 ND 182
Docket No.: 20230290
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Interest of K.J. 2023 ND 182
Docket No.: 20230290
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Juvenile - Termination of Parental Rights
Author: Per Curiam

Isac v. State 2023 ND 181
Docket No.: 20230100
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: When a post-conviction relief applicant seeks to withdraw a guilty plea based upon ineffective assistance of counsel, the applicant must satisfy a two-prong test by showing (1) his counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s errors, the applicant would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial. Under the second prong, the district court is required to determine what the applicant would have done had he received competent advice—not what he would have done with the benefit of hindsight.

Witnesses must testify from personal knowledge. Witnesses may use notes to refresh their recollection, but they may not testify directly from the notes. A district court has broad discretion to control the use of evidence to refresh memory.

State v. Johnson 2023 ND 180
Docket No.: 20230083
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Misdemeanor
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: Terrorizing circumstances are threats of violence or dangerous acts made with an intent to induce fear. No precise words are necessary to convey a threat, and may be bluntly spoken or done by innuendo or suggestion. A threat often takes its meaning from the circumstances in which it is spoken, and words that are innocuous in themselves may take on a sinister meaning in the context in which they are recited.

Williamson v. State 2023 ND 179
Docket No.: 20230069
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Post-Conviction Relief
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An order denying an application for postconviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

State v. Cahoon 2023 ND 178
Docket No.: 20230008
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment following a jury verdict is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3). 

State v. Weah 2023 ND 177
Docket No.: 20220361
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court’s judgment entered after a jury convicted the defendant of aggravated assault with permanent loss or impairment and reckless endangerment with extreme indifference is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App. 35.1(a)(3).

State v. Weah 2023 ND 177
Docket No.: 20220361
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Assault
Author: Per Curiam

State v. Powell 2023 ND 176
Docket No.: 20230107
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Drugs/Contraband
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment entered following denial of a motion to suppress evidence is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

State v. Hanson 2023 ND 175
Docket No.: 20230053
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Misc. Felony
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment and sentencing for child abuse and child neglect are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35(a)(2) and (4).

State v. Entzel 2023 ND 174
Docket No.: 20230078
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Criminal - Homicide
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment entered after a jury conviction of conspiracy to commit murder is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

Matter of John V. Klein Trust 2023 ND 173
Docket No.: 20230059
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Appeal - Civil - Probate, Wills, Trusts
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An order granting trustees’ petition for sale of trust’s surface interests and distribution of mineral interests to beneficiaries is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4) and (7).

Discover Bank v. Romanick, et al. 2023 ND 172
Docket No.: 20230227
Filing Date: 9/28/2023
Case Type: Original Proceeding - Civil - Writ of Supervision
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: We exercise our supervisory jurisdiction rarely and cautiously to rectify errors and prevent injustice in extraordinary cases in which no adequate alternative remedy exists.

A party who files a complaint must serve notice of filing on the other parties, except upon defaulting parties.

When a defendant has not appeared, he is not entitled to be notified of the motion for default judgment.

When the plaintiff declares the defendant did not answer or otherwise appear and its claim is for a sum certain—as evidenced through declaration and written instrument—the court abuses its discretion by failing to direct entry of default judgment.

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