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New opinions: Feb. 16 Thursday, February 16, 2023

The Supreme Court has issued 20 new opinions.

The summaries are below.

To see an opinion, click on the "View Opinion" button. Opinions display in a printable format. Hyperlinks to all North Dakota opinions and rules cited in an opinion are included in the text: hover over the citation and click to follow the hyperlink.

See other Supreme Court opinions at: https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinions

Interest of V.C. 2023 ND 31
Docket No.: 20220381
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: TERMINATION/PARENTAL RIGHTS
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment terminating parental rights is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Krogstad v. State 2023 ND 30
Docket No.: 20220264
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An order dismissing an application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

L&C Expedition, et al. v. Swenson, Hagen and Co., et al. 2023 ND 29
Docket No.: 20220169
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: CONTRACTS
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: Section 22-03-03, N.D.C.C., provides that if parties contractually agree to a limitation on the time to bring a claim, the surety cannot be held beyond that limitation.

Section 22-03-03, N.D.C.C., is an exception to the preclusion of contractually altering the limitation on the time to bring a claim in N.D.C.C. § 9-08-05.

State v. Thompson 2023 ND 28
Docket No.: 20220221
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: DRUGS/CONTRABAND
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Probable cause supporting issuance of a search warrant exists when the facts and circumstances would lead a person of reasonable caution to believe the contraband or evidence sought probably will be found in the place to be searched.

Search warrants usually must be served in the daytime. Additional probable cause is required for searches executed at night.

Probable cause for a nighttime search exists upon showing the evidence sought might be quickly disposed of if a warrant is not promptly executed

Panther Pressure Testers, et al. v. Szostak, et al. 2023 ND 27
Docket No.: 20220134
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: CONTRACTS
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Under N.D.R.Civ.P. 37, a district court has a spectrum of sanctions available for discovery violations, including an entry of default judgment. Default judgment should be imposed only if there is a deliberate or bad faith non-compliance which constitutes a flagrant abuse of or disregard for discovery rules.

An award of damages entered on default judgment will not be obstructed unless the award is so excessive or inadequate.

State v. Knight 2023 ND 26
Docket No.: 20220293
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: MISC. STATUTORY OFFENSE (FELONY)
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A criminal judgment is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(3).

State v. Bowen 2023 ND 25
Docket No.: 20220165
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: DUI/DUS
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A district court may infer that an event did not occur on the basis of a witness’s testimony that she had no recollection of the event occurring combined with testimony of habit or practice about what she would have done if it had occurred.

The Confrontation Clause does not apply to non-testimonial hearsay. Reports concerning the installation and inspection of an Intoxilyzer used to perform chemical breath tests do not contain testimonial statements from the state toxicologist requiring him to be produced at trial.

State v. Dunn 2023 ND 24
Docket No.: 20220208
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: MISC. STATUTORY OFF. (MISDEMEANOR)
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court does not violate North Dakota Supreme Court Rule 52(4) by offering to reschedule a hearing so that a defendant may speak with counsel or by allowing a defendant to withdraw their request to speak with counsel.

A withdrawal of a guilty plea after a district court has imposed a sentence is not allowed unless the defendant proves that withdrawal is necessary to correct a manifest injustice.

Kitzan v. Kitzan, et al. 2023 ND 23
Docket No.: 20220110
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court does not commit clear error when it determines that certain items and their valuations should be included in a marital estate if it relies on valuations within the range of evidence presented and at the time of separation.

A district court’s finding of economic misconduct may include unaccounted-for spending and dissipation of assets that occurs after a date of separation.

A district court’s denial of spousal support is not clear error when supported by facts within the record that demonstrate economic misconduct coupled with evidence showing the parties earn a similar income.

Jensen v. Jensen, et al. 2023 ND 22
Docket No.: 20220238
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A movant must establish a prima facie case for a change of primary residential responsibility justifying a modification by alleging enough evidence for the fact finder to conclude that a material change in circumstances has occurred and that a modification is in the best interests of the children.

Interest of R.S. 2023 ND 21
Docket No.: 20230010
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: MENTAL HEALTH
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: An order for continued treatment is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2).

Knutson v. Foughty, et al. 2023 ND 20
Docket No.: 20220296
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: WRIT OF SUPERVISION (Civil)
Author: Bahr, Douglas Alan

Highlight: This Court exercises its authority to issue supervisory writs rarely and cautiously, and only to rectify errors and prevent injustice in extraordinary cases when no adequate alternative remedy exists.

Interest of G.V. 2023 ND 19
Docket No.: 20220145
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: JUVENILE LAW
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Under N.D.C.C. § 27-20.1-11(1)(d), a juvenile court may appoint a guardian of a child if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the appointment is in the child’s best interest and the child is in need of protection.

Hoffman v. Hoffman, et. al. 2023 ND 18
Docket No.: 20220142
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: Unless an exception applies, a motion to modify primary residential responsibility filed within two years of the judgment establishing primary residential responsibility requires the movant to satisfy the heightened standard under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-06.6(3).

A district court’s decision on a motion to relocate is a finding of fact that will not be reversed on appeal unless clearly erroneous.

A district court is not required to hold a hearing under N.D.R.Ct. 3.2(a)(3) if a party does not request a hearing and secure a time for the hearing.

A district court is not required to consider an untimely declaration under N.D.R.Ct. 3.2(a)(2).

Keidel v. WSI, et al. 2023 ND 17
Docket No.: 20220229
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: WORKERS COMPENSATION
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Res judicata prohibits the relitigation of claims or issues that were raised or could have been raised in an earlier action between the same parties and was resolved by final judgment.

Administrative res judicata is the judicial doctrine of res judicata applied to an administrative proceeding. Administrative res judicata is applied more circumspectly than judicial res judicata, taking into account (1) the subject matter decided by the administrative agency, (2) the purpose of the administrative action, and (3) the reasons for the later proceeding.

WSI may not issue a permanent impairment award for impairment findings due to preexisting conditions.

Larson Latham Huettl v. Iversen 2023 ND 16
Docket No.: 20220198
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: CONTRACTS
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: A party to a contract does not waive its contractual rights when its actions are expressly authorized by the terms of the contract.

When a contract has but a single object and such object is wholly impossible of performance, the entire contract is void.

The injured party has a duty to mitigate or minimize its damages and must protect itself if it can do so with reasonable exertion or at trifling expense, and can recover from the delinquent party only such damages as it could not, with reasonable effort, have avoided.

Continued employment for a substantial period of time is sufficient consideration to support an employment agreement.

A district court’s decision on a motion to alter or amend judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 59(j) will not be reversed unless the court abused its discretion.

Issues that were not properly raised before the district court will not be considered on appeal.

Reed v. Reed, et al. 2023 ND 15
Docket No.: 20220241
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: For child support purposes the definition of income is very broad and is intended to include any form of payment to an obligor, regardless of source, which is not specifically excluded under the guidelines.

Sadek, et al. v. Weber, et al. 2023 ND 14
Docket No.: 20220155
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: TORTS (NEGLIGENCE, LIAB., NUIS.)
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Rule 54(b), N.D.R.Civ.P., authorizes a district court to direct entry of a judgment adjudicating fewer than all of the claims as final when there is “no just reason for delay.” Absent a finality certification under Rule 54(b), a decision adjudicating fewer than all of the claims in a case does not end the action and it may be revised at any time before entry of a final judgment deciding all of the claims. Rule 54(b) does not apply when a judgment decides all of the claims in a case.

The district court did not err when it sanctioned an attorney under N.D.R.Civ.P. 11 after the attorney ignored provisions in rules and prior holdings the case.

Sanctions on appeal were appropriate when an attorney persisted in groundless arguments without acknowledging obvious deficiencies pointed out by the district court.

Cook v. State 2023 ND 13
Docket No.: 20220271
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
Author: Per Curiam

Highlight: A district court judgment denying petitioner’s application for post-conviction relief is summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2) and (7).

Burleigh Cty. Social Service Bd. v. Rath 2023 ND 12
Docket No.: 20220193
Filing Date: 2/16/2023
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A district court’s decision to grant an extension or discovery order is discretionary and will not be overturned unless the court abuses its discretion.

When a litigant’s pre-filing applications were denied by a district court pursuant to an improperly entered pre-filing order, the remedy is permission to re-file those motions in unmodified form.

When a petitioner does not provide sufficient information to inform a district court of their current income, a court does not err in denying a request to amend a child support obligation.

Issues that are not adequately briefed and do not provide relevant authority will not be considered by this Court.