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New opinions: Jan. 23 Friday, January 24, 2020

The Supreme Court has issued 23 new opinions. Summaries of the non per curiam opinions are below.

To see an opinion, click on the "View Opinion" button. Opinions display in a printable format. Hyperlinks to all North Dakota opinions and rules cited in an opinion are included in the text: hover over the citation and click to follow the hyperlink.

See other Supreme Court opinions at: /supreme-court/opinions

Devore v. American Eagle Energy Corporation, et al. 2020 ND 23
Docket No.: 20190117
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: PERSONAL INJURY
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: An employer of an independent contractor generally is not liable for the acts or omissions of the independent contractor.

An employer may be liable for an independent contractor’s torts if the employer retains control over the independent contractor.

Duty is a question of whether the relationship between the actor and the injured person gives rise to any legal obligation on the actor’s part for the benefit of the injured person.

PHI Financial Services v. Johnston Law Office, et al. 2020 ND 22
Docket No.: 20180330
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: OTHER (Civil)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: A motion to dismiss a complaint under N.D.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) tests the legal sufficiency of the statement of the claim presented in the complaint. A complaint should not be dismissed unless it is disclosed with certainty the impossibility of proving a claim upon which relief can be granted.
An abuse of process occurs when a person uses a legal process, whether criminal or civil, against another primarily to accomplish a purpose for which it is not designed. The essential elements of an abuse-of-process claim are: (1) an ulterior purpose; and (2) a willful act in the use of the process not proper in the regular conduct of the proceeding.
A creditor must serve on the debtor a notice that a garnishee summons may be issued at least ten days before the issuance of any garnishee summons against the earnings of any person.
A claim for conversion requires proof of ‘a tortious detention or destruction of personal property, or a wrongful exercise of dominion or control over the property inconsistent with or in defiance of the rights of the owner.
A correct result will not be set aside merely because the district court relied on a different reason for its decision.

State v. Mondragon 2020 ND 21
Docket No.: 20190154
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: SEXUAL OFFENSE
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: When determining if there is good cause to continue when a defendant has elected his statutory speedy trial rights, failure of the court to address the factors will not be reversed if we are able to analyze the factors based on the record. A defendant cannot have the benefit of delay while simultaneously claiming the right to a speedy trial. A failure to show prejudice substantially weakens a speedy trial claim.

Hondl v. State, et al. 2020 ND 20
Docket No.: 20190099
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: OTHER (Civil)
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald W.

Highlight: Absent personal jurisdiction, a court is powerless to do anything beyond dismissing without prejudice.

A determination of subject matter and personal jurisdiction must precede any dismissal with prejudice.

Chisholm v. State 2020 ND 19
Docket No.: 20190234
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
Author: Tufte, Jerod E.

Highlight: District courts are required to dismiss an applicant’s claims of ineffective assistance of postconviction relief counsel in a Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act proceeding.

Res judicata prevents relitigation of claims that were raised, or could have been raised, in prior actions between the same parties.

Appellant’s motions for recusal, to compel discovery, and to correct the record are summarily affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(4).

Thomas v. Thomas 2020 ND 18
Docket No.: 20190094
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: Section 14-09-06.2(1)(j), N.D.C.C, creates a rebuttable presumption against awarding custody of a child to a perpetrator of domestic violence if certain criteria is met. A district court is not bound to accept stipulations regarding custody and care of children if it finds the stipulations are not in the best interests of the child. A district court’s findings and conclusions regarding the presumption and stipulations should be sufficiently detailed to allow this Court to understand the basis for its decision.

Konkel v. Amb 2020 ND 17
Docket No.: 20190152
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: McEvers, Lisa K. Fair

Highlight: A parent moving to modify parenting time must show that a material change in circumstances has occurred since entry of the prior parenting time order and that the modification is in the child’s best interests.

A district court may clarify a judgment that is vague, uncertain, or ambiguous.

Hauer v. Zerr, et al. 2020 ND 16
Docket No.: 20190246
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: REAL PROPERTY
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: A mistake of law arising out of ignorance of the law rather than a misapprehension of the law does not support the remedy of reformation.

A claim alleging fraud in the inducement does not support the remedy of reformation.

State v. Wallitsch 2020 ND 15
Docket No.: 20190194
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: ASSAULT
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The district court did not obviously err by not providing a curative instruction regarding a potential juror’s comments during voir dire.

Ellis v. WSI 2020 ND 14
Docket No.: 20190252
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: WORKERS COMPENSATION
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: The time for an appeal from a posthearing administrative order is governed by N.D.C.C. ch. 65-10 and ch. 28-32. The Legislature has set the time for an appeal to the district court at thirty days from the date notice of the order has been given as required by N.D.C.C. § 28-32-39, including service by mail.

State v. Lail 2020 ND 13
Docket No.: 20190058
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: HOMICIDE
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald W.

Highlight: In murder for hire cases, taking actions that could reasonably lead to the hired individual committing the solicited killing constitute a substantial step in attempting to commit the underlying crime.

Solicitation accompanied by an offering of a specific amount of money and assisting in formulating a plan to commit murder were concrete steps toward the commission of the crime.

Minn-Kota Ag Products, Inc. v. N.D. Public Service Commission, et al. 2020 ND 12
Docket No.: 20190127
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald W.

Highlight: Any person who is directly interested in the proceedings before an administrative agency, who is factually aggrieved by the decision of the agency, and who participates in the proceedings before the agency is a party and has standing to appeal from the decision of the agency.

Standing does not extend to merely nominal parties who are not aggrieved.

Appellate review of PSC findings of fact is limited to whether a reasoning mind reasonably could have determed that the factual conclusions reached were proven by the weight of the evidence from the entire record.
We review an administrative law judge’s denial of a petition to intervene under the same standard as we review an agency’s decision.

Simply having a substantial interest in or being substantially affected by the outcome of an agency proceeding is not a showing of good cause to intervene late.

Cook v. Cook, et al. 2020 ND 11
Docket No.: 20190145
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Technical violations of a court order do not necessarily require a finding of contempt.
A court is not required to make an explicit finding of contempt when no further remedy would result and the only purpose would be to taint the alleged contemnor.
When a matter is left to the broad discretion of the district court, it is envisioned there is a broad range of factual scenarios in which the court is left to make its choice, and whichever choice it makes will be upheld on appeal.

Reineke v. N.D. Dep't of Transportation 2020 ND 10
Docket No.: 20190250
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: TRANSPORTATION DEPT.
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Suspension of a driver's license must be done in accordance to law.

Gustafson v. Poitra, et al. 2020 ND 9
Docket No.: 20190230
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: LANDLORD/TENANT
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: The appellants did not meet their burden under either Montana exception and did not explain how a district court is divested of subject matter jurisdiction by granting a remedy that may not be enforceable. The district court judgment is affirmed.

Presswood v. Runyan 2020 ND 8
Docket No.: 20190261
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: DIVORCE/PROPERTY DIV./ALIMONY
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: The right to appeal is jurisdictional and, if we conclude we do not have jurisdiction, we will dismiss an appeal on our own motion.

A judgment granting a divorce while reserving other issues for later determination is not final judgment for the purpose of an appeal, unless the district court has certified the judgment as final pursuant to N.D.R.Civ.P. 54(b).

Jarvis v. WSI 2020 ND 7
Docket No.: 20190218
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: WORKERS COMPENSATION
Author: Jensen, Jon J.

Highlight: An appeal to a district court from a post-hearing administrative order is governed by N.D.C.C. ch. 65-10 and N.D.C.C. ch. 28-32.

Failure to satisfy the statutory requirements for initiating an appeal to the district court from an administrative decision prevents the district court from obtaining subject matter jurisdiction over the appeal.

McDougall, et al. v. AgCountry Farm Credit Services, PCA, et al. 2020 ND 6
Docket No.: 20190140
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: CONTRACTS
Author: VandeWalle, Gerald W.

Highlight: The statute of frauds does not bar a deceit claim made by a third party to an unenforceable contract, who is not seeking to enforce the alleged agreement.

Aldinger v. Aldinger 2020 ND 5
Docket No.: 20190226
Filing Date: 1/23/2020
Case Type: CHILD CUST & SUPPORT (Div.\Other)
Author: Crothers, Daniel John

Highlight: Judgment affirmed under N.D.R.App.P. 35.1(a)(2),(4), and (7).
Errors and defects that do not affect a party’s substantial rights are harmless errors and are not grounds for disturbing the judgment or order.